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Movement behavior of two mite species: two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and European red mite (Panonychus ulmi) on leaves of some apple cultivars ('Greensleeves', 'Spartan' and SA 455-2 selection) with different density of pubescence was analysed. Assessment of the leaf pubescence density was performed using an originally developed quick method based on digital pubescence image analysis. For P. ulmi, both stop time and average speed did not depend on kind of leaf. In contrary, T. urticae revealed higher movement activity on slight pubescent leaves compared to leaves with high leaf hair density.
In the last year in apple orchards European red spider mite became an important pest difficult to control. The effectiveness of acaricides: Nissorun 050 EC, Magus 200 SC, Ortus 05 SC, Omite 570 EW, Pennstyl 600 SC, Envidor 240 SC in controlling European red spider mite (Panonychus ulmi Koch) was evaluated in two apple orchards in 2009. In both orchards a very good efficacy in controlling this mite showed: Omite 570 EW, Pennstyl 600 SC and Envidor 240 SC. Low effectiveness was obtained with: Ortus 05 SC, Magus 200 SC and Nissorun 050 EC. European red spider mites were sampled in four orchards. In laboratory conditions they were treated with Apollo Plus 060 OF and Sanmite 20 WP for evaluating the control activity of these acaricides. They showed a low efficacy in controlling all of the treated populations. The research showed the presence of P. ulmi strains resistant to Meti-acaricides (mitochondrial electron transport inhibitor) – Magus 200 SC, Ortus 05 SC, Sanmite 20 WP and mite growth inhibitors – Apollo Plus 060 OF, Nissorun 050 EC.
The present study aimed at finding techniques alternative to chemical control, capable of reducing spider mite density. The experiment was carried out in 7 single-leader and 3 multi-leader training systems. The pest density was compared across the systems and between apple cultivars Elstar and Jonagold showing variable crown densities and trichome cover of leaves. The spider mite mobile stages were more abundant in singleleaders crowns, whereas more eggs were laid in multi-leader crowns. Nevertheless, the egg and the youngest stages survival was reduced in multi-leader crowns probably by the more intensive solar radiation reducing the air RH. The lowest pest abundance was found in the crowns of the V-Gćttingen system, and in the similar, stretched Tatura trellis 2-leader system. These types of crowns should be therefore recommended for integrated and organic apple production.
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