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The effect of volatile and non-volatile metabolites produced by bacteria Bacillus subtilis. B. pumilus, Pseudomonas aurantiaca and actinomycetes Streptomyces flavescens, S. griseoviridis on growth of strains of entomopathogenic fungi Paecilomyces farinosus, P. fumosoroseus, Beauveria bassiana was studied in common cultures on artificial media. Fungal strains responded in various ways to non-volatile metabolites of the same species of bacteria or actinomycetes. Fungi of the genus Paecilomyces had as a rule higher competitive abilities than those of the genus Beauveria. Volatile metabolites produced by actinomycetes totally inhibited growth of all studied fungal strains while those produced by bacteria had only a fungistatic effect.
The fungi Trichoderma harzianum, T. polysporum, T. viride, Paeciliomyces fumosoroseus, P. lilacinus, Verticillium/lecanicillium lecanii, Ulocladium oudemansii, U. atrum and Beauveria bassiana are used or considered to be used for biocontrol of pests and plant diseases. Human exposure to these fungi in environments where they may naturally occur or are used as biocontrol agents has not been directly investigated to date. This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge of human exposure to fungi from the relevant genera. The subject of fungal taxonomy due to the rapid development of this issue is also discussed. B. bassiana, V. lecanii, T. harzianum, T. polysporum, P. lilacinus and U. oudemansii were infrequently present in the air and thus people in general seem to be seldom exposed to these fungi. However, when V. lecanii was present, high concentrations were measured. Fungi from the genera Trichoderma, Paecilomyces and Ulocladium were rarely identifi ed to the species level and sometimes high concentrations were reported. T. viride and U. atrum were detected frequently in different environments and sometimes with a high frequency of presence in samples. Thus, people seem to be frequently exposed to these fungi. Sequence data have led to recent revisions of fungal taxonomy, and in future studies it is important to specify the taxonomy used for identifi cation, thus making comparisons possible.
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