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The subject of the study was three populations of spinycheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus (Raf.) from lakes Staw Płociczno, Dgał Wielki, and Hańcza. The aspects of the spinycheek crayfish studied were the morphometric characters of females and males, individual absolute fecundity, sex ratio, size structure, density, biomass, and feeding intensity in an annual cycle. It was determined that the body proportions of males in forms I and II differed significantly, while the body proportions of female spinycheek crayfish were similar to those of form II males but different from the body proportions of form I males. The crayfish investigated in the current study had a lower individual absolute fecundity than did spinycheek crayfish of the same body weights from other Polish basins. The crayfish daily food ration exhibited a very strong relationship with the stomach fullness index and water temperature. The empirical formula of this relationship (ln Rd P = 0.397 + 0.094 t + 0.614 ln If) permitted estimating the daily food ration. The crayfish fed most intensely from the May to October period, during which they consumed in excess of 80% of their annual ration. The primary dietary component of the spinycheek crayfish was plant matter. Annually, the crayfish population consumed barely 0.27% of the wet weight of the aquatic vegetation in its range of occurrence.
The North American spiny-cheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus (Cambaridae), endangered in its native range, is a widespread invasive species in European waters and conservationally important carrier of crayfish plague. However, its population structure is poorly known, and no informative genetic markers for the species are available. We tested cross-species transfer of microsatellite loci to spiny-cheek crayfish from 5 other crayfish species. Variability of 10 successfully amplifying loci derived from 4 species was then tested in 60 individuals of O. limosus originating from 3 natural populations: the river Danube at Bogyiszló in Hungary, a pond in Starý Klíčov, and the brook Černovický, both in the Czech Republic. The allele number within the populations ranged from 4 to 10 alleles per locus, while heterozygosity levels varied from 0.650 to 0.900 for Ho and from 0.660 to 0.890 for He. No linkage disequilibrium and no null alleles were detected. The selected markers are useful for assessing population structure, intraspecific variation, and paternity studies in spiny-cheek crayfish.
Histological analyses were conducted of the annual cycle of male gonads of spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus Raf. Although changes in the male gonads throughout the year are clearly evident, they are not uniform in all males. Spiny-cheek crayfish mate mainly in the autumn from September to November. After mating, the gonads of male crayfish can be divided into two groups according to their histological structure. In the first group there is an abundance of sperm in the gonads, while the testicular tubules in the second group are either empty or contain a small amount of sperm. This division remains until May. In May, the histological picture of the gonads is uniform, and there are either very few or no tubules containing sperm. In June O. limosus males occur in two forms. The histological pictures of first- and second-form male gonads do not differ. However, beginning in July and also in August and September, the gonads of first- and second-form males do differ. First-form male crayfish gonads contain more sperm than those of second-form males. From October onwards, all of the males are first-form, and primarily spermatids and sperm are visible in the gonads. The possibility that the spiny-cheek crayfish mates twice annually, once in autumn and again in spring, is discussed based on changes observed in the histological picture of the gonads.
In 2004, monitoring catches were performed on signal crayfish, Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana) and spiny-cheek crayfish, Orconectes limosus (Raf.), in order to estimate the abundance of the catchable populations in Lake Pobłędzie (northeastern Poland). Catches were performed using 58 Evo traps along a part of lake with an area of 1.65 ha. In catches conducted on September 6 and 7, a total of 479 specimens of signal crayfish and 29 spiny-cheek crayfish were caught, marked, and released. After twelve days, repeat catches were conducted during which 476 specimens of signal crayfish, including 66 marked specimens, and 36 specimens of spiny-cheek, including 5 marked specimens, were caught. The average total length of the caught signal crayfish was 11.7 ± 1.06 cm (7.6 - 15.0 cm), while that of the spiny-cheek species was 9.3 ± 0.65 cm (7.5 - 10.7 cm). The average catchable population abundance per unit of studied surface area was calculated at 2094 specimens ha⁻¹ for signal crayfish and 127 specimens ha⁻¹ for spiny-cheek crayfish. Taking into consideration that this method underestimates the population abundance of crayfish from the lower size classes, it is estimated that the actual catchable population abundance in Lake Pobłędzie might be higher by about 25%.
In 1997, 375 cultivated wels specimens were released into Lake Góreckie, which is located in the Wielkopolski National Park. The average mass per specimen was 1,350 g. Control catches were made in 1998 and 1999, and the diet consumed by the wels was investigated. The striped crayfish Orconectes limosus Raf. was detected in 51% of the fish caught. The contribution of striped crayfish to the wels diet fell to 4% after two years. This was probably correlated with changes in the feeding grounds of the older wels.
A population of Pacifastacus leniusculus was encountered in a river flowing from a Mazurian lake. It probably originated from individuals that had escaped from a farm where they were reared in 1979 - 1981. During a single night sampling (June 17 - 18), 104 crayfish individuals were caught. The sex ratio was 1:1, the males were molting, and the females were bearing offspring. The maximum male body length was 12.7 cm, and that of the females was 12.2 cm. Males over 8 cm in length participated in breeding. The lake and the river have been inhabited for years by Orconectes limosus. However, the presence of that expansive species did not disturb the fairly numerous population of Pacifastacus leniusculus in that section of the river.
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