The paper describes locality of Orchis militaris newly discovered in the Śnieżnik Massif (the Sudetes, Lower Silesia). Until the year 2010 the species has not been observed in south-western Poland for 31 years. The single flowering specimen of the orchid was found in the worked-out quarry near Kletno. In spite of a detailed search, other specimens or leaf rosettes were not observed. Both the historical range of Orchis militaris in Lower Silesia and its current localities in adjacent parts of the Czech Republic are analyzed in this paper. The newly found locality of Orchis militaris probably developed from diaspores of populations in northern Moravia. The locality is seriously threatened by anthropogenic pressure. Therefore a regular monitoring to determine the possibility of its persistence in this area is required.
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