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A new fish digenean species, Neolebouria terranovaensis sp. n. (a second representative of this genus in the Antarctic), is described from notothenioids caught in Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea). New measurements and a figure of N. antarctica (Szidat et Graefe, 1967) are also given. N. terranovaensis sp. n. differs from the latter in smaller dimensions of a body and organs, smaller extent of the cirrus pouch which ends at the level of the ventral sucker and the main habitat, the pyloric caeca. In contrast, N. antarctica occurs along the whole intestine.
Specimens of the marine fishes Rhabdosargus haffara (Sparidae) and Cociella crocodilo (Platycephalidae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Eight (20%) and 15 (43%) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal trematodes. R. haffara was parasitised by Gibsonius aegyptensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Lepocreadiidae) and C. crocodilo by Helicometra interrupta sp. nov. (Opecoelidae). Gibsonius is similar to Myzoxenus Manter, 1934 and Diploproctia Mamaev, 1970 in having a ventral sucker with two longitudinal lips of a lamellar nature at its aperture, but differs greatly from each in other features: from Myzoxenus in having tegumental spines heavily distributed throughout the entire body surface, symmetrically arranged testes, a cirrus sac extending well posterior to the ventral sucker, a median genital pore, and vitelline follicles terminating posteriorly at the testicular level; and from Diploproctia in having an oval body, intestinal caeca which end blindly near the posterior extremity, a median genital pore between the intestinal bifurcation and ventral sucker, a pretesticular unlobed ovary, a uterus mainly situated dextral to the ovary, and vitelline follicles terminating posteriorly at the testicular level. Helicometra interrupta sp. nov. is similar to H. equilata, H. nasae and H. pteroisi in having a short fore- body and a long cirrus sac extending posterior to the ventral sucker, but differs significantly in having a shorter forebody (about 10% of body length), a curved cirrus sac extending posteriorly to a third of the distance between the ventral sucker and the ovary, vitelline follicles which terminate anteriorly at considerable distance posterior to ventral sucker and which are distinctly interrupted twice in the pre-testicular region, and smaller eggs.
A new opecoelid trematode, Peracreadium akenovae sp. nov., is described from the highfin moray eel Gymnothorax pseudothyrsoideus (Bleeker) (Anguilliformes; Muraenidae), collected from Moreton Bay off southeast Queensland, Australia. The new species is distinctive in its body shape, transversely elongate irregular testes, vitelline follicles interrupted at the level of the ventral sucker, and diverticulate excretory vesicle. The Muraenidae is a new host family for Peracreadium Nicoll, 1909. Peracreadium is the seventh opecoelid genus reported from temperate eastern Australian marine fishes and this is its first report from Australian waters.
Specimens of the fishes Lethrinus nebulosus Forsskål (Lethrinidae) and Diplodus noct Valenciennes (Sparidae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Ten (33%) and 12 (24%) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal trematodes. L. nebulosus was parasitised by Pachycreadium lethrini sp. nov. (Opecoelidae) and D. noct by Pseudometadena aegyptensis sp. nov. (Cryptogonimidae). P. lethrini sp. nov. is unique in having distinctly unequal testes, contiguous gonads arranged obliquely in the right side of hindbody and a small egg size. However, it differs from each of the other three species of the genus in several other features: from P. gastrocotylum (Manter, 1940) Manter, 1954 in having a smaller sucker ratio and vitelline follicles terminating anteriorly at the level of intestinal bifurcation; from P. carnosum (Rudolphi, 1819) Cortini et Ferretti, 1959 in having a smaller body, a smaller sucker ratio, a genital pore situated ventrally to the anterior border of pharynx, a pretesticular ovary and vitelline follicles extending anteriorly to the level of intestinal bifurcation; and from P. lerneri Sogandares-Bernal, 1959 in having a larger body, a smaller sucker ratio and an unlobed ovary. P. angolensis Aleshkina et Gaevskaya, 1985 is considered an invalid species in Pachycreadium. P. aegyptensis sp. nov. is similar to P. celebesensis Yamaguti, 1952, but mainly differs in having a larger pharynx, a much shorter oesophagus, extensive vitelline acini and a shorter seminal vesicle. Pachycreadium Manter, 1954 and Pseudometadena Yamaguti, 1952 are briefly reviewed.
Pseudopycnadena tendu sp. nov. is described from the balistid Pseudobalistes fuscus from the waters off New Caledonia. It differs from the only other member of the genus P. fischthali Saad-Fares et Maillard, 1986, in its broad cirrus-sac, with the wide field of large gland-cells, its less nearly circular body shape, its dorsal excretory pore, its shorter post-testicular region, its relatively larger ventral sucker and its smaller eggs. The genus is re-defined to take these distinctions into account. Other opecoelid species reported from New Caledonia are Allopodocotyle epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1942) from Epinephelus cyanopodus, E. fasciatus and E. merra, Cainocreadium epinepheli (Yamaguti, 1934) from E. coeruleopunctatus, E. fasciatus and Variola louti, Hamacreadium mutabile (Linton, 1910) from Lutjanus fulviflamma and L. kasmira, Helicometra epinepheli Yamaguti, 1934 from E. fasciatus and E. merra, Orthodena tropica Durio et Manter, 1968 from Lethrinus lentjan, Pacificreadium serrani (Nagaty et Abdel-Aal, 1962) from Plectropomus leopardus and Pseudoplagioporus interruptus Durio et Manter, 1968 from Lethrinus rubrioperculatus.
Spermiogenesis in Helicometra fasciata is characterized by an unusual flagellar rotation. Indeed, a rotation of the axonemes, higher than 90°, occurs. Nevertheless, the general pattern is the same as in the other digenean trematodes examined. The zone of differentiation presents striated rootlets associated with two centrioles, and an intercentriolar body. The nucleus and mitochondrion migrate in the median cytoplasmic process. An asynchronic proximo-distal fusion takes place. The mature spermatozoon possesses five regions and two axonemes with the 9 + ‘ 1 ’ pattern, nucleus, mitochondrion, glycogen granules and two bundles of parallel cortical microtubules. Despite these features, there are some other peculiarities that distinguish the spermatozoon of H.fasciata. A centriolar derivative and a lateral expansion were observed in the anterior region. To discuss the phylogenetic relationships, comparison is made with Opecoeloides furcatus, the only other opecoeloid for which the reproduction characters were described.
Twenty fishes Lepidonotothen macrophthalma (Norman) caught at the North Scotia Ridge were examined. They harboured four digenean species - the opecoelids, Macvicaria antarctica (Kovalyova et Gaevskaya, 1974) and M. skorai sp. n., the lepocreadiid, Neolepidapedon magnatestis (Gaevskaya et Kovalyova, 1976), and the unnamed hemiurid (presently not described). The total prevalence of Digenea (four species) was 55%, intensity range 2-21 and relative density 3.50. M. skorai sp. n., which occurs sympatrically with M. antarctica, is described. M. skorai sp. n. is characterised by the cirrus sac reaching posterior to the ventral sucker, sucker ratio based on mean diameter 1:1.50-1.92 (mean 1.74), oblique arrangement of testes, egg length 0.043-0.055 mm (usually 0.045-0.051 mm) and testes usually obscured dorsally by vitelline follicles. This species is compared with all Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Macvicaria occurring in Perciformes. N. magnatestis is redescribed from the nototheniids L. macrophthalma and L. squamifrons (Günther) and compared with N. trematomi Prudhoe et Bray, 1973. Specimens previously reported by Zdzitowiecki (1990b) as N. magnatestis collected from Trematomus hansoni and T. bernacchii in the South Shetland Islands area and from Dissostichus eleginoides collected off the Shag Rocks (South Georgia area) are considered N. trematomi.
The opecoelid species Macvicaria jagannathi (Gupta et Singh, 1985) Bijukumar, 1997 (new syn. Plagioporus deeghaensis Gupta et Gupta, 1988) and Neolebouria lineatus Aken’Ova et Cribb, 2001 are redescribed from Nemipterus furcosus, from the waters off New Caledonia. Provisional keys to the genera Macvicaria Gibson et Bray, 1982 and Neolebouria Gibson, 1976 are presented. The following new combinations are made: Macvicaria yamagutii (Gupta et Ahmad, 1977), M. puriensis (Gupta et Govind, 1984) and M. chilkai (Gupta et Govind, 1984).
We report a new species of Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966 from the intestine of two species of Serranidae, Cromileptes altivelis and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, from the southern Great Barrier Reef. Despite the examination of eight other species of Epinephelus from the same region this species appears anomalous in its distribution in one species of Epinephelus and the single species of Cromileptes. Molecular phylogenetic studies of the Epinephelinae suggest, however, that these two species are closely related so that the host specificity demonstrated by this species is actually stenoxenic (phylogenetically related hosts) rather than euryxenic.
A new species of opecoelid trematode, Pseudopecoelus brayi sp. nov. is reported from the holocentrid fish, Myripristis kuntee collected from off Visakhapatnam coast, Bay of Bengal. The new species differs from related species by a combination of characters such as elongate body, deeply lobed gonads, tubular sinuous seminal vesicle extending up to the posterior border of ventral sucker, presence of a short cylindrical cirrus sac enclosing the cirrus and the vitelline zone extending anterior to ventral sucker. This is the 7th species of the genus to be reported from Indian marine fishes and the fifth species from holocentrid fishes. A key for separation of the species of Pseudopecoelus is given.
Allopodocotyle tunisiensis sp. nov. is described from the intestine of Solea aegyptiaca Chabanaud collected from the Gulf of Gabès in the Mediterranean Sea off Tunisia. The new species belongs to the group C of Allopodocotyle Pritchard, 1966 species (sensu Bray 1987). It differs from its congeners in this group by the shape of the seminal vesicle and the anterior extend of the vitellarium which varies between just posterior to the ventral sucker and anterior margin. A key to the Allopodocotyle species of group C is presented. The status of the genera Allopodocotyle and Macvicaria (Gibson and Bray 1982) are briefly discussed.
Pseudopecoelus sosoae sp. nov. and P. sewelli Bray, 1990 are described from the rare fish Neoscombrops pacificus from the deep-sea (about 200–400 m) off Nouméa, New Caledonia, the southernmost report of this fish species. A visual key based on 12 characters is presented, which shows that P. sosoae is distinguished from the most similar species (P. vulgaris, P. elongatus, P. priacanthi, P. akamachi and P. sphyraenae) by its very large eggs, elongate body and unlobed gonads. P. sewelli has a similar shape, but much smaller eggs and lobed gonads.
Helicometra pisanoae sp. n. (Digenea, Opecoelidae) is described based on adult specimens from a fish, Trematomus hansoni (Nototheniidae) caught at the Adelie Land (Eastern Antarctic). The newly described species belongs to the group of species with the terminal, infundibuliform oral sucker. The other diagnostic features are: the sucker ratio based on mean diameter 1:0.84-1.02, blind intestinal caeca, the genital pore closely anterior to the intestinal bifurcation, the cirrus sac reaching posteriorly to the level of posterior half of the ventral sucker and the vitelline follicles reaching to the level of the ventral sucker.
The ultrastructure of spermiogenesis and the spermatozoon of Poracanthium furcatum (Opecoelidae), parasite of the fish Mullus surmuletus, were studied by electron microscopy. Results were compared with those documented for other digeneans, in particular with Opecoeloides furcatus, another opecoelid. Spermiogenesis follows the general pattern found in the Digenea. Nevertheless, a novel ultrastructural element is described. The posterior part of the centriole is unusual in that it comprises a central element. The mature spermatozoon of P. furcatum presents some characteristics allowing distinction between it and O. furcatus, contrary to the external morphology. It contains a lateral expansion, two mitochondria and a nuclear biflagellar region. Other important ultrastructural features in the spermatozoon include: external ornamentations of the plasma membrane, spine-like bodies, anterior and posterior extremities. All these elements of the male gamete are interesting criteria for phylogenetic studies.
Specimens of the fishes Siganus spinus L. (Siganidae) and Sargocentron spiniferum Forsskål (Holocentridae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Twenty-three (46%) and 12 (20%) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal trematodes. Siganus spinus was parasitized by Helicometra marmoratae Nagaty et Abdel-Aal, 1962 (Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925) and S. spiniferum by Helicometra aegyptense sp. nov. (Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925). Based on a large number of specimens collected from its type host and locality, H. marmoratae is broadly redescribed for the first time, and its type specimen is re-examined. The validity of this species is discussed and considered a new synonym of H. fasciata (Rudolphi, 1819) Odhner, 1902 (type species of the genus). Helicometra aegyptense sp. nov. is similar to H. equilata (Manter, 1933) Siddiqi et Cable, 1960, H. nasae Nagaty et Abdel-Aal, 1962, H. pteroisi (Gupta, 1956) Fischthal et Kuntz, 1965 and H. interrupta Hassanine, 2005 in having a short forebody and a long cirrus sac extending posterior to the ventral sucker, but differs significantly from them or unique in having a distinctly elongate pharynx, a larger sucker ratio and vitelline follicles grouped in small clusters arranged in two lateral rows on each side of the body. The valid species of Helicometra are listed in four principal groups.
The following opecoelid digeneans are described from bony fishes of the Weddell Sea: Neolebouria terranovaensis Zdzitowiecki, Pisano et Vacchi, 1993 from Paraliparis antarcticus (Liparididae, new host family); Helicometra rakusai sp. n. from Trematomus loennbergi (Nototheniidae); Stenakron glacialis Zdzitowiecki, 1989 from Racovitzia glacialis (Bathydraconidae) and Pogonophryne marmorata (Artedidraconidae, new host family). H. rakusai sp. n. has terminal oral sucker (similarly to the second Antarctic species, H. antarcticae Holloway et Bier, 1968), but its ventral sucker is considerably smaller than the oral sucker - sucker ratio based on mean diameter 1:0.71-0.87 (mean 1:0.81), that based on width 1:0.65-0.99 (mean 1:0.83). Both other species are recorded in the Weddell Sea for the first time.
Specimens of the fishes Pterois volitans Linnaeus (Scorpaenidae) and Chaetodon auriga Forsskål (Chaetodontidae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Five (20%) and 20 (44%) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal trematodes. P. volitans was parasitised by Proneohelicometra aegyptensis gen. nov., sp. nov. (Opecoelidae) and C. auriga by Neohypocreadium gibsoni sp. nov. (Lepocreadiidae). Proneohelicometra gen. nov. is similar to Neohelicometra Siddiqi et Cable, 1960 which is the only opecoelid genus having caeca opening with separate ani and eggs with unipolar filaments, but differs significantly from it in having two lateral folds of body wall extending along the posterior third of body, an oral sucker smaller than the ventral sucker, a median cirrus sac not reaching the ventral sucker posteriorly and a median genital pore situating immediately posterior to the intestinal bifurcation. Neohypocreadium gibsoni sp. nov. is similar to the other four species of the genus, but is unique in having a distinctly pear-shaped body and a much smaller egg size, and differs significantly from each in several other characters: from N. longisaccatum, it differs in having a cirrus sac not reaching the testes and a pretesticular ovary; from N. dorsoporum in having an external seminal vesicle much shorter than the cirrus sac, a longer cirrus sac extending posteriorly to the level of the posterior margin of the ventral sucker and a pretesticular ovary; from N. chaetodoni in having a smaller body size, symmetrical testes, a longer cirrus sac extending posteriorly to the level of the posterior margin of the ventral sucker and a trilobed ovary; and from N. aegyptense in having a smaller body size, symmetrical testes, a longer cirrus sac extending posteriorly to the level of the posterior margin of the ventral sucker, a trilobed ovary and vitelline follicles terminating anteriorly at the level of oesophagus. Neohypocreadium Machida et Uchida, 1987 is briefly reviewed.
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