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Open-pit lignite mines affect many compartments of the environment. Surface mines cause changes in the catchment basin, re-shaping the land relief, modifying soil properties and depressing lake water levels as well as the groundwater table. Although the environmental concerns raised by this type of mines have been widely surveyed, we lack sufficient information provided by research reports on regarding the influence of lignite mines there on surface water bodies. In general, there are two types of mine waters from brown coal mining: runoff from the surface and water percolating from deep seated drainage. This paper discusses the impact of lignite mine waters from a deep seated drainage system in the Lubstów Mine on the quality of water in a lowland river. Lignite had been excavated in Lubstów until 2009, and untreated mine waters had been discharged to the Noteć River. The aim of the study was to assess possible changes of the river water quality after the long-term contamination with mine waters. For the assessment, three sites were selected (one above and two below the mine water inflow) for water sampling in order to perform chemical analyses according to standard methods (spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectroscopy). Properties of mine waters, such as pH, conductivity, phosphorus, nitrates, sulphates, alkalinity and heavy metals, were analysed in samples taken directly from the canal which carried discharged mine waters to the Noteć River. The results showed that lignite mine waters from deep seated drainage generally caused minor changes in river water quality, except alkalinity, in which the water quality below the discharge point (site B) was significantly worse than at the upper site (A). Chemically, site C was similar to site A.
The study presents the results obtained following the analysis of the so-called Granger causality between daily and monthly temperatures of air and water for the period 1987–2013 carried out for the Noteć river and its two main tributaries: Drawa and Gwda. Granger causality relates to a situation where the data concerning past values of one time series provide important information helping to predict values of another series not included in the information about its past values. The analysis was based on the Granger causality test (of the first order). A causality relationship was established for daily temperature series both for the air-water and water-air directions of influence, which means that forecasting the pattern of river water temperatures from changes to air temperatures can yield better results when done based on data from the previous day. The model forecasting daily water temperature in the Noteć river on the basis of water and air temperatures from the previous day explained 0.07–0.27% of unique variance more than the model that used only water temperature from the previous day. The model forecasting the daily air temperature based on air and water temperatures from the previous day explained 0.3–0.79% of the variance more than the model, which uses only the air temperature from the previous day. For monthly series of water and air temperatures, different configurations of correlations in terms of Granger causality were established: one-way in water-air direction or no correlation, which may result from the river water thermal regime being disturbed by the local impact of anthropogenic factors. In addition, the analysed effect of Granger causality between series of random fluctuations of both temperature models confirmed that causal dependencies occur in both directions. The identification of causal relationships in terms of Granger causality confirms the influence of one data series on the evolution on another data series, and it defines the application potential of study results for the purpose of forecasting the changeability of thermal parameters of river waters. The obtained results may help improve the quality of forecasting changes in water thermal conditions, which is important for managing their environmental condition properly.
Empirical dependencies of a plant-soil coefficient have been formulated upon the sum of evapotranspiration in the analyzed period of the grass regrowth and at the capillary potential at the end of this period. The coefficient values in the relationships have been estimated from measurements in the Institute for Land Reclamation and Grassland Farming (IMUZ) lysimetric station in the upper Noteć River valley carried between 1973 and 1992. The relationships were verified by measurements in the same station in 1993-1995. The verification has proven a satisfactory agreement of evapotranspiration measured and calculated according to the proposed method. The relationships can be recommended for the operational calculation of water consumption by grasslands in the Noteć River valley.
Concentration of selenium in serum samples was determined using a modified Watkinson's spectrofluorometric method. Selenium concentration averaged 0.021 ±0.008 µg/mL for water buffaloes and 0.074 ±0.017 µg/mL for dairy cows. The analysis of selenium concentrations in cows showed deficiency level in 2.0%, marginal level in 64%, and optimal level in 34% of the examined samples. In water buffaloes, deficiency level was found in 96.55% and marginal level in 3.45% of the animals. Selenium levels in cattle and water buffaloes should be periodically diagnosed to provide data for veterinarians to make appropriate decisions. The implementation of suitable prophylactic programmes will enable optimum levels of this element to be maintained.
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W pracy przedstawiono porównawcze wyniki badań florystycznych dwóch odcinków doliny rzeki Warty położonej w województwie lubuskim: rezerwatu „Zakole Santockie” na lewym brzegu (o powierzchni 150 ha) oraz doliny pomiędzy wsiami Santok a Starym Polichno w części prawobrzeżnej (o powierzchni 15 ha). Na prawym brzegu rzeki badania przeprowadzono w latach 2003 - 2005, a dokumentację części lewobrzeżnej wykonał Janyszek w 1993 roku. Flora rezerwatu okazała się bardziej różnorodną (314 gatunków). Na obu obszarach stwierdzono 345 gatunków głównie siedlisk łąkowych i związanych z wodą oraz ruderalnych i segetalnych (chociaż wskaźnik synantropizacji był niski). Na obu terenach dominowały byliny, szczególnie gatunki rodzime, trwałe i będące pod zasięgiem jednego obszaru geograficznego.
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