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1

Impact of ethanol on Nosema spp. infected bees

100%
Ptaszynska A. A., Borsuk G., Mulenko W., Olszewski K.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2013
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tom 69
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nr 12
Nosema spp. spores are extremely resistant to external stress factors and can survive several years without losing the ability for further infection within the insect body. For this reason, combating nosemosis is difficult. Some beekeepers add ethanol to the sucrose solution before the winter to prevent nosemosis infection and to cure already infected colonies. Others feed infected colonies with herbal ethanol extracts. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the ethanol impact on bees infected with Nosema spp. Four groups of uninfected and Nosema spp. infected bees were fed with sugar-water syrup (1:1) supplemented with ethanol at the following concentrations: 10%, 5% and 2.5% and 0% as a control (only a sucrose syrup). Generally, bees consumed 10% EtOH solution in an amount even 50% lower than in other concentrations. The impact of EtOH on the increase of bees’ mortality was observed at a 10% EtOH concentration for healthy bees and even from 5% EtOH concentration for Nosema spp. infected bees. In our study the highest number of Nosema spp. infestation was noticed for bees fed with 5% EtOH and the lowest pH level was also measured for this group of bees. Therefore, a clear correlation was observed between the feeding bees with EtOH, which resulted in the acidification of bees, and the degree of Nosema spp. infestation. A synergistic effect of the ethanol and nosemosis on the rise of the mortality of bees has been observed. The addition of ethanol to sucrose syrup facilitates conditions for the development of nosemosis in honey bees. The strongest effect of ethanol on the level of Noseama spp. infection was observed for the 5% ethanol solutions. Moreover, ethanol at 10% concentration in sugar syrup exerts severe toxic effects even on healthy bees. All these factors induced immune-suppression in bees and enhanced the level of Nosema spp. infestation.
2

Laboratory assessment of the effect of nanosilver on longevity, sugar syrup ingestion, and infection of honeybees with Nosema spp.

100%
Borsuk G., Paleolog J., Olszewski K., Strachecka A.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2013
|
tom 69
|
nr 12
After the withdrawal of Fumagillin, there is no drug which is sufficiently effective against nosema disease. Therefore, intensive research is conducted in order to find new nosemacides. Microsporidia from the genus Nosema are regarded one of the causes of Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD). Hence, any new compound that may be useful in the nosemathosis treatment may be of great importance for veterinary practice. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of a nanosilver-supplemented diet on worker-bee longevity and on the level of worker-bee infection with Nosema spp. in honeybees in cage tests. The diet supplemented with 25 ppm of nanosilver decreased the number of nosema spores. Therefore the compound might be considered as useful in the nosemosis disease therapy. On the other hand, in experiment I, supplementation of the syrup with 25 ppm of nanosilver significantly shortened worker-bees’ lifespan. This, however, was not observed in experiment II. Honeybees fed with syrup supplemented with 25 ppm of nanosilver consumed the greatest amounts of the syrup. Moreover, bees fed with syrup supplemented with 12.5 and 25 ppm of nanosilver exhibited increasing contents of silver in their bodies.
3

Studies on histopathology and development of a microsporan pathogen, Nosema sp. infecting Palorus ratzaebergii Wissmann

100%
Ghosh S.
Acta Protozoologica
|
1990
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tom 29
|
nr 3
4

Nosema sp. PM-1, a new isolate of microsporidian from infected Papilio machaon Linnaeus, based on ultrastructure and molecular identification

100%
Liu T., Xu J., Luo B., Chen J., Li Z., Li T., Pan G., Li X., Zhou Z.
Acta Parasitologica
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2015
|
tom 60
|
nr 2
5

Impact of nosemosis on the intestinal yeast flora of honey bees

100%
Borsuk G., Ptaszynska A. A., Olszewski K., Paleolog J.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2013
|
tom 69
|
nr 12
Intestinal microflora is a very important part of the digestive system in every animal, and plays a role in the synthesis of vitamins and the metabolism of many toxic chemical compounds. The indigenous intestinal flora of bees changes even as a result of changing their diet from natural to artificial or placing them in cages. Such factors have an impact on the health of bees and on the strength of whole colonies. In our study, intestinal fungi isolated from healthy bees and from bees infected with Nosema spp. belonged to two genera: Candida and Saccharomyces. The approximate numbers of yeast CFUs (colony forming units) obtained from healthy Apis mellifera carnica and Buckfast bees were, respectively, 2880-5180 and 1056-4120. Apis mellifera carnica and Buckfast bees were similarly sensitive to slight Nosema spp. infections, but heavy infestations had a greater impact on the intestinal microflora of A. m. carnica. The degree of Nosema spp. infestation had an impact on the quantitative composition of the intestinal microflora of bees. Slightly infected bees of Apis mellifera carnica had up to 44 915 yeast CFUs per bee, and Buckfast bees up to 28 705 yeast CFUs per bee. Surprisingly, a heavy infestation reduced the number of yeast CFUs to no more than 120 in A. m. carnica bees and to no more than 164 in Buckfast bees. Therefore, in studies in which the number of yeast CFUs is used as the main indicator of stress in bees, the potential presence and the degree of Nosema spp. infestation needs to be taken into account.
6

Genetic diversity among microsporidian isolates from the silkworm, Bombyx mori, as revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers

100%
Surendra Nath B., Hassan W., Nageswara Rao S., Vijaya Prakash N. B., Gupta S. K., Madana Mohanan N., Bajpai A. K.
Acta Parasitologica
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2011
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tom 56
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nr 4
Random amplification of polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) was carried out to assess the genetic diversity of five new microsporidian isolates viz., NIWB-11bp, NIWB-12n, NIWB-13md, NIWB-14b and NIWB-15mb identified from the silkworms. A type species, NIK-1s_mys was used as control for comparison. Differences in the spore shape, length and width were observed. Of the 30 decamer random primers tested, 22 primers gave repeatable RAPD profiles and yielded a total of 143 fragments, of which 78 were polymorphic (55%). The resulting data was used to derive genetic similarity values for constructing a dendrogram. The neighbour joining method based on Dice coefficients indicate a major cluster comprising NIK-1s_mys, NIWB-11bp and NIWB-12n, whereas NIWB-13md, NIWB-14b and NIWB-15mb appear to be different from each other as well from the major cluster mentioned above which includes the type species (NIK-1s_mys). Based on the reproducibility of RAPD profiles, we are able to identify these microsporidians as different isolates. The RAPD technique may be useful in detecting sources of infection of this economically important domestic insect.
7

Influence of a probiotic on the mortality, sugar syrup ingestion and infection of honeybees with Nosema spp. under laboratory assessment

100%
Andrearczyk S., Kadhim M. J., Knaga S.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2014
|
tom 70
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nr 12
After the withdrawal of fumagillin, there is no effective drug against Nosema disease in the EU. Therefore, intensive research is conducted in order to find new nosemacides. Probiotic microorganisms compete with pathogenic microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. This competition involves adhesion to the intestinal epithelium, which leads to greater availability and utilisation of nutrients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a probiotic supplement in the apian diet on the mortality and food ingestion of honeybees, and especially on the course of Nosema spp. infestation. In experiments 1 and 2, the addition of the probiotic caused an increase in the Nosema spp. infection in the summer and winter honeybees. A special probiotic dedicated to the apian diet should be developed.
8

Ultrastructure characteristic of a Nosema sp. [Microsporidia] from a Bulgarian population of Euproctis chrysorrhoea L.[Lepidoptera]

100%
Pilarska D., Linde A., Solter L. F., Takov D., McManus M. L., Goertz D.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2002
|
tom 47
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nr 1
The abundance of birds and their tick parasites were estimated in a residential avian community located in the Mazurian Lake region (NE Poland). A total of 1624 passerine birds (representing 45 species) were captured, of which 25% were infested with at least one tick. All the ticks belonged to the species Ixodes ricinus. The highest tick infestation prevalence (>50%) were recorded for dunnock (Prunella modularis), tree pipit (Anthus trivialis), hawfinch (Coccothraustes coccothraustes) and blackbird (Turdus merula). Changes in tick infestation prevalence of passerine birds are seasonal. June and September were the two months in which tick infestation rates were the highest. The percentage of birds that were tick carriers was significantly greater in mixed coniferous forest than in alder swamp forest (respectively 32% and 20% of birds were infested with ticks).
9

Nosema raphidiae sp.n. [Microsporida, Nosematidae]: a microsporidian pathogen of the predatory snake-fly Raphidia ophiopsis [Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae]

80%
Yaman M., Radek R., Tosun O., Unal S.
Acta Protozoologica
|
2009
|
tom 48
|
nr 4
353-358
10

Molecular characterization and phylogenetic relationships among microsporidian isolates infecting silkworm, Bombyx mori using small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) gene sequence analysis

80%
Surendra Nath B., Gupta S. K., Bajpai A. K.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2012
|
tom 57
|
nr 4
The life cycle, spore morphology, pathogenicity, tissue specificity, mode of transmission and small subunit rRNA (SSU-rRNA) gene sequence analysis of the five new microsporidian isolates viz., NIWB-11bp, NIWB-12n, NIWB-13md, NIWB-14b and NIWB-15mb identified from the silkworm, Bombyx mori have been studied along with type species, NIK-1s_mys. The life cycle of the microsporidians identified exhibited the sequential developmental cycles that are similar to the general developmental cycle of the genus, Nosema. The spores showed considerable variations in their shape, length and width. The pathogenicity observed was dose-dependent and differed from each of the microsporidian isolates; the NIWB-15mb was found to be more virulent than other isolates. All of the microsporidians were found to infect most of the tissues examined and showed gonadal infection and transovarial transmission in the infected silkworms. SSU-rRNA sequence based phylogenetic tree placed NIWB-14b, NIWB-12n and NIWB-11bp in a separate branch along with other Nosema species and Nosema bombycis; while NIWB-15mb and NIWB-13md together formed another cluster along with other Nosema species. NIK-1s_mys revealed a signature sequence similar to standard type species, N. bombycis, indicating that NIK-1s_mys is similar to N. bombycis. Based on phylogenetic relationships, branch length information based on genetic distance and nucleotide differences, we conclude that the microsporidian isolates identified are distinctly different from the other known species and belonging to the genus, Nosema. This SSU-rRNA gene sequence analysis method is found to be more useful approach in detecting different and closely related microsporidians of this economically important domestic insect.
11
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Comparison of components and number of Nosema sp. spores of wintering Carniolan and Italian bees debris

80%
Madras-Majewska B., Ochnio L., Ochnio M., Sciegosz J.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science
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2013
|
tom 52
The aim of the experiment is to investigate and compare the components of the winter debris of two breeds of bees: Carniolan and Italian and microscopic tests of the bees samples from the experimental debris for the presence of Nosema sp. The study was carried on 20 wintering bee colonies in the apiary of the Apiculture Division of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. The research material was debris falling during the winter at the bottom of the hive that was bees, wax cappings, eggs, wax, pollen pellets, dark hardened fungal clods and fecal stains on the pads. The examination was conducted during the overwintering 2008/2009. In the spring of 2009 microscopic examination was conducted (samples of bees from the experimental debris for the presence of Nosema sp.). Pollen pellets are originated from bee bread, which bees use to feed the brood and was collected from two different breeds of bees. The presence of eggs in debris testifies to the fact that in winter queen of two studied breeds of bees are also lying eggs. The presence of fecal spots in debris is sporadic but it is the sign of no-semosis. Microscopic examination confirmed the assumption that the appearance of the fecal spots was a symptom of Nosema sp. presence. Nosema sp. infects bees of both breeds. Carniolan breed bees tend to self-medicate from nosemosis. Lack of feces does not indicate the lack of nosemosis in the case of both mentioned breeds of bees.
12

Experimental application of Nosema sp. on Lophocateres pusillus [K.] [Coleoptera: Curculionidae]

80%
Ghosh S., Saha K.
Acta Protozoologica
|
1992
|
tom 31
|
nr 3
13

Quality of honeybee queens commercially available in Southern Poland

80%
Czekonska K.
Journal of Apicultural Science
|
2001
|
tom 45
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