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Insecticides are unavoidable in pest management programs especially when the pest crosses Econimic Threshold Level (ETL). Nevertheless, often the plant protection products kill the natural enemy population making the pest to resurge and thus demanding more sprays. Therefore, insecticides used in IPM programs should be selective enough to spare the beneficials. Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the toxicity of imidacloprid and diafenthiuron to the eggs, larvae and adults of Chrysoperla carnea. Imidacloprid at the recommended dose of 0.28 ml/l caused 15.38% egg mortality, 26.67 and 33.33% larval mortality by ingestion and contact, respectively and 50.00% adult mortality. The egg mortality was about 15.38% and larval mortality of 23.33% and adult mortality of 26.67% was caused by diafenthiuron. Based on the classification given by IOBC/WPRS working group on Pesticides and non-target invertebrates, both the insecticides were classified as harmless to C. carnea, since the recommended dose caused less than 50% mortality in the laboratory conditions.
In the years 1986-1987 a research was conducted in pine forest stands of three age classes growing in a moist forest site. The study embraced young stands (15-20 years old), medium age stands (40-60 years old) and mature stands (80-100 years old). Species composition, abundance and structure of Neuropteroidea communities of canopies of pines were determined in this habitat.
Literature data on Ascalaphidae in Poland are critically discussed. Libelloides macaronius has never been found in the present-day territory of Poland. Libelloides coccajus most likely occurred in Poland at the end of the 18th century. Evidence for this statement comprises a drawing and a note in a manuscript of Charles de Perthées from 1802–1803.
The use of selective insecticides could improve conservation of natural enemies and therefore contribute to the success of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. In this study, the toxicity of one selective insecticide, Spinosad to common green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea Stephens was evaluated. Several stages of C. carnea larvae were exposed to Spinosad under laboratory conditions. The used quantities of Spinosad were less than the maximum recommended rate given on the product label. In contact bioassay tests, a direct relationship was detected between the concentration of Spinosad and mortality rate of first instar larvae. So that, the employing of 250 and 2 500 ppm of Spinosad caused 33 and 67 per cent mortality, respectively. Mortality rate was recorded 1-3 day post treatment. In implementation of 250 ppm of Spinosad on second and third instar larvae showed negligible mortality rate after 3 days whereas the first instars larvae suffered 33 per cent mortality. On the basis of collected data we could conclude that Spinosad is not to be considered to have an environmental safety profile on C. carnea similarly to well established biological insecticides.
Southern slope of Mt. Olszak (453 m) in the Opawskie Mts. (Eastern Sudety Mts., SW Poland) is planned to be protected as an entomological-and-phytocenotic reserve. The main objectives of the protection are acidophilous oak forest and maple-linden slope forest being habitats of many rare species of moths and lacewings known from not numerous localities in Poland. Out of them, the populations of two unique in native lepidopteran fauna, saproxylic and phytosaprophagous species: Alabonia staintoniella (ZELL.) and Zanclognatha zelleralis (WCK.), are preserved here at their northernmost locality in Europe.
The following paper is based on studies carried out from 1976 to 1987 on Neuropteroidea of tree canopies in 4 types of forest characteristic of lowland and upland areas in Poland: the subcontinental variety of the linden-oak-hornbeam forest (Tilio-Carpinetum), light oak forest (Potentillo albae-Quercetum), mixed coniferous forest (Querco roboris-Pinetum) and pine forest (Peucedano-Pinetum and Leucobryo-Pinetum; the Dicranio-Pinion alliance). The following parameters were analysed and compared: species composition, abundance, structure as well as ecological and zoogeographical diversification of the neuropteran communities. Materials, totalling 10,280 imagines of 45 species of neuropterans, were collected in mature stands from various tree species: oaks, lindens, hornbeams, elms, pines and larches.
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