A new quill mite species Neopicobia hepburni sp. nov. is described from the Ecuadorian Piculet Picumnus sclateri Taczanowski (type host) and the Olivaceous Piculet Picumnus olivaceus Lafresnaye (Piciformes: Picidae) from Peru. Females of N. hepburni are distinguishable from most similar species N. ea Skoracki et Unsoeld by the propodonotal shield divided into 3 sclerites, the pygidial shield with a vertical furrow and wing-like appendages, the presence of the genital lobes, setae f2 2.7 times longer than f1 and length ratio of ag1:ag2:ag3 equals 2:1:2. In females of N. ea, the propodonotal shield is entire, the pygidial shield is oval, without vertical furrow and appendages, the genital lobes are absent, setae f2 are 4.5–5.5 times longer than f1 and length ratios of ag1:ag2:ag3 are 2.2–2.7:1:3–3.2.
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