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The paper dealt with the evaluation of concentration and spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus forms in dug wells in selected farms in the upper Narew River valley. The study was also aimed at assessing the influence of selected elements of a farm on quality of well water. Examinations were carried out in 8 villages in Podlasie region. Three farm dug wells were selected for examination in each village. All wells take water from the first water-carrying level. The study included well waters within the section of the Narew River from the villages Sobótka to Złotoria. The checkpoints were set in: Sobótka, Narew, Ciełuszki, Kaniuki, Zawyki, Uhowo, Topilec, and Złotoria localized along the Narew and its adjacent lands. Water samples were collected in spring, summer and autumn 2006. Ammonia, nitrates (III), nitrates (V), and phosphates were determined in water samples filtered through micropore filters (d = 0.45 μm) by means of colorimetry applying a spectrometer HACH (DR-2000). Parameters of the analytical procedures were adjusted in accordance to the Decree of Minister for Environment (2004). In total, 288 determinations in three series were made. For each of the three wells from every village, the arithmetic means of the analyzed parameters were calculated on the basis of samples collected on three dates. The assessment of underground water quality was made according to the Decree of Minister for Environment of 11 February 2004 on on surface and underground water status, screening performance, interpretation and presentation of the status of such waters. In addition, the Decree of the Minister for Health of 29 March 2007 (Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia, 2007) was referred to. The results were compared to concentrations of forms of particular components (N-NH4, N-NO2, N-NO3) included in the Decree of the Minister for Environment (2004) and the Decree of the Minister for Health (2007) in order to designate water quality classes and principal chemical requirements to the well waters examined. The study revealed that the analyzed waters did not meet standards set for potable water due to exceeding permissible values for ammonia and nitrates (V) concentrations. The distance of a well from the nearest farm buildings affected ammonia concentration in well water.
The profile structure of soils developed on the inpeatland dunes in the Biebrza River Valley and Narew River Valley suggested that they are rusty soils. However, the chemical analyses indicated the distinct accumulation of analyzed elements, mainly iron and aluminium, in the enrichment horizon (B). The determination of studied soils systematic position on the base of podzolic soil diagnostic criteria used by Systematics of Polish Soils and WRB classification as well as on the base of indicators proposed by various authors was the aim of the study. The results revealed that soils developed on dunes in the Biebrza River Valley can be determined as rusty soils, while on dunes located in the Narew River Valley, the podzol soils have developed. The absence of eluvial horizon in these soils presumably resulted from its mixing with humus horizon during ploughing in the past.
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