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This study was conducted in order to determine the effect of inoculation with Endorize-TA AMF and soil amendment with compost of urban waste; consisting of decomposed grass clippings, leaves, and wood chips, without sewage sluge, (Eko-Compost); on the growth and flowering of French marigold in the growing substrate polluted with Cd, Pb, and Zn. French marigold was found relatively tolerant to heavy metals in the growing substrate. Differences in growth of plants in the substrates unpolluted and polluted with heavy metals were negligible. The lowermost leaves of plants grown in heavy metal polluted substrates had necrotic margins. Mycorrhization with AMF did not improve the growth and aesthetic value of plants grown in the substrates polluted with heavy metals. Compost supply had beneficial effect on the growth and quality of plants grown in substrates polluted with heavy metals. Compost supply decreased the Pb and Zn contents in shoots of French marigold.
The leafy vegetable Telfairia occidentalis is a tropical vine grown in West Africa; it is indigenous to Southern Nigeria and is usually subjected to extreme salt stress in Southern Nigeria as well as in the world that results in significant loss of T. occidentalis production. Therefore, the present investigation was aimed at evaluating the response of T. occidentalis seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus geosporum) in saline soil and further to determine the threshold of T. occidentalis salinity tolerance in association with G. geosporum. The total photosynthetic pigments contents in saline soil treatment were significantly (p=0.05) reduced as well as percentage arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi colonization (53.97 to 22.41%). Mycorrhizal dependency was significantly (p=0.05) higher in saline soil treatments compared to control (100.00% to 15.13%). Mineral analysis of T. occidentalis leaves revealed increased uptake and accumulation of Na⁺ (500.00 mg/kg in control to 2920.13 mg/kg in saline soil treatment). Saline soil treatments significantly (p=0.05) reduced the K, Mg, N, P and Ca. AM Fungi significantly (p=0.05) increased the photosynthetic pigments and minerals both in saline and non-saline soil treatments. Using different mechanisms T. occidentalis by association with G. geosporum showed better salt tolerance thank the uninoculated plants. G. geosporum was able to impose some physiological and root morphological changes such as an extensive network of the mycorrhizal-plant roots to improve water and mineral nutrient uptake. Physiologically G. geosporum inoculation enriched T. occidentalis vigour, attuned the rate of K⁺/Na⁺ which restored nutrient and water balance in the plant and directly resulting in the enhancement of salt tolerance in T. occidentalis seedlings, thus improving growth and yield.
This study was conducted in order to determine if inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and soil amendment with compost would enhance the tolerance of fountain grass to high level of salinity and alkalinity found in urban soils. AMF-inoculated and non-inoculated plants were planted in growing media non-amended and amended with compost and irrigated with water containing 3.3 g NaCl∙dm-3, 10.5 g Na2CO3∙dm-3, or 6.3 g CaCl2∙dm-3. Electrical conductivity (EC) of each watering solution was 6.3 S∙m-1. Plants were watered with salty waters every week until some leaves were necrotic. All the investigated salts decreased the decorative value of fountain grass and the percentage of root colonization by AMF. NaCl and Na2CO3 also decreased the dry matter of plants. Mycorrhization improve growth parameters and aesthetic value of fountain grass treated with all the tested salts and cultivated without compost supply. Compost supply was beneficial for fountain grass growth and quality if plants were cultivated in substrates unpolluted with NaCl, CaCl2, and Na2CO3.
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