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The importance of Robinia pseudo-acacia stands as a food supply for four species of small mammals, Apodemus sylvaticus (Linnaeus, 1758), A. flavicollis (Melchior, 1834), Clethrionomys glareolus (Schreber, 1780), Microtus arvalis (Pallas, 1778) was studied. The trophic diversity and equitability in all rodent species suggested a rich food supply. Greater trophic overlap as well as greater qualitative and quantitative similarity of food was found in both species of Apodemus only. Robinia stands not only represented a refuge but also offered enough food for all four species of rodents.
Effects of heavy seed crop (mainly oak mast) in year 2003 and 2004 (no seed crops) on small mammal communities in three isolated stands of broad leaved lowland forests (area 60–280 ha) with different management were studied in southern Moravia in three sites: (1) close-to-nature not managed floodplain forest – Ulmeto–Fraxinetum carpineum (FF), (2) managed forest – Carpineto-Quercetum acerosum (MF), (3) pheasantry – Ulmeto-Fraxinetum carpineum, Saliceto- Alnetum and Carpineto-Quercetum acerosum, with a considerable number of biotopes including open areas (PH). We presumed the influence of seed production on mammal species, especially granivorous rodents. In the most numerous species (Apodemus flavicollis (Mel.), A. sylvaticus (L.) and Myodes glareolus (Pallas)) the demographic parameters (abundance, sex ratio), body mass, and body length were compared between populations in 2003 and 2004 in each stand. Animals were trapped in snap mousetraps laid out in lines. In 2003 reproduction of both Apodemus sp. Was extended to November in contrast to 2004, when it ceased already in the end of summer. Individual body mass of animals were significantly higher in 2004 vs. 2003 in all three species (A. flavicollis, P = 0.01; A. sylvaticus, P <0.01 and Myodes glareolus, P <0.05) but body length was higher only in case of A. sylvaticus (P <0.01). The forest stands under study in an intensively managed agroecosystem in southern Moravia play an important role as a refuge for small mammals.
A new genus and species, Makowskia laticephala gen. et sp. nov., of seymouriamorph tetrapod from the Lower Permian deposits of the Boskovice Furrow in Moravia (Czech Republic) is described in detail, and its cranial reconstruction is presented. It is placed in the family Discosauriscidae (together with Discosauriscus and Ariekanerpeton) on the following character states: short preorbital region; rounded to oval orbits positioned mainly in anterior half of skull; otic notch dorsoventrally broad and anteroposteriorly deep; rounded to oval ventral scales. Makowskia is distinguished from other Discosauriscidae by the following characters: nasal bones equally long as broad; interorbital region broad; prefrontalpostfrontal contact lies in level of frontal mid−length (only from D. pulcherrimus); maxilla deepest at its mid−length; suborbital ramus of jugal short and dorsoventrally broad with long anterodorsal−posteroventral directed lacrimal−jugal suture; postorbital anteroposteriorly short and lacks elongated posterior process; ventral surface of basioccipital smooth; rows of small denticles placed on distinct ridges and intervening furrows radiate from place immediately laterally to articular portion on ventral surface of palatal ramus of pterygoid (only from D. pulcherrimus); oblique anterior margin of transverse flange of pterygoid directed anteromedially−posterolaterally; cultriform process of parasphenoid relatively short and slightly rounded; ventral surface of the posterior plate of parasphenoid heavily sculptured (only from D. pulcherrimus and Ariekanerpeton); distal ends of fourth and fifth presacral ribs distinctly anteroposteriorly broadened, and extend into the hook−like, posteriorly directed processes; shaft of ?last caudal rib anteroposteriorly broadened; posterior stem of interclavicle narrows anteriorly and posteriorly from broadened mid−length section.
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