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Background. Within the medical facilities provided by state healthcare services, a universally applied technique for patient diagnosis and treatment relies on ionising radiation; for example in radiotherapy and X-ray (ie. examination). Human exposure to such radiation is not however entirely free of associated health risks. Objectives. To determine and estimate the numbers and types of X-ray based medical procedures that are performed in general and dental radiography, mammography and computer tomography on patients from the Mazovian province in Poland, which included children, women and men subjects. Material and Methods. The numbers of patient subjects undergoing X-rays was estimated by surveying the patient intake in X-ray testing rooms within the healthcare facilities of the Mazovian province. Questionnaires were either dispatched by mail to such healthcare centres or were completed by the X-ray operating staff during the testing of quality control. Results so obtained from the latter, were compared to entries from the X-ray rooms’ register Results. During 2009, the number of X-rays performed were 7612046 equivalent to 1460 examinations per 1000 inhabitants. The majority were done on women ie. 3847961 (50.55%), followed by 3193781 (41.96%) on men and 570 304 (7.49%) for children. Conclusions. Results indicated that the predominating medical procedure used of this type, was for making general diagnoses; especially through using chest radiography. Others included, in descending order; dental X-ray (mainly intra-oral examination), computer tomography (mainly CT head examinations) and mammography procedures. It was also found that the annual numbers of having X-rays has increased compared to previous years.
The aim of the study was to investigate and assess integration and logistic activities in dairy farms operating in the FADN regions of Mazovia and Podlasie. The study used primary data from studies conducted by the author in 2013 on a target group of 100 households. The investigated population of farms was divided in terms of the number of cows in the following groups of up to 10 cows (9 households), 11–20 cows (27 households), 21–30 cows (31 households), 31–40 cows (14 households) and above 40 cows (19 households). The study used the survey method using questionnaire interviews. The research shows that farmers most frequently collaborated on the joint use of equipment and supplies of agricultural inputs. In contrast, farmers in the study frequently sold products to processing companies or intermediaries.
The aim of the study was to diagnose the needs of farmers within the scope of training courses conducted by the Masovian Agricultural Advisory Centre in Warsaw, in the area of the Masovian Province. 1331 farmers were questioned, who had 21 areas of training and four types of training to choose from. Based on the survey results, it was found that farmers chose the proposed themes and types of training a total of 8234 times. On average, one respondent was interested in more than 6 ranges of thematic training. Of the four isolated thematic groups, the most popular were subjects on new technologies of agricultural production (chosen 2471 times). This was followed by general agricultural production (2371 times) and economics of agricultural production (2337 times). The slightest interest was observed in issues related to agritourism as well as regional and traditional products (1055 times).
Subject and purpose of work: The study presents the effects of agricultural advisory services in the eastern part of Mazovia. The effect of advisory work was the number of services provided by advisers over a three-year-long period of their work. The state institution providing advisory services for farmers in this area is the Warsaw-based Mazovian Agricultural Advisory Centre (MAAC) with a Branch Office in Siedlce. The main objective of the conducted research was to assess the performance of agricultural advisers within six counties: Siedlce, Węgrów, Garwolin, Łosice, Sokołów and Mińsk, located in the eastern part of Mazovian (pol. Mazowieckie) Province. Materials and methods: The activity of the Siedlce Branch was analysed during the years 2012-2014. Particular attention was paid to the distribution and availability of services to farmers. This study was prepared on the basis of an analysis of available internal documents from MAAC and the literature on this field. Results: Based on the performed studies, it was found that agricultural advisory services play a very important role in the adaptation of farms to changing environmental conditions. Conclusions: Nowadays, in the era of globalisation and integration farmers face new challenges, which would be difficult to meet without an efficient agricultural advisory system.
This report starts with an overview based on national-level data from official sources and then presents the findings of a survey of rural households conducted in 2001 in Mazowieckie region, Poland. The study focuses on income distribution differences and income level comparison among four subregions. The change of rural household living standard during the socio-economic transformation and the attitudes of rural households towards the transformation are also examined. By analyzing source of income and related effect factors, some components of potential sources of income and the policy urgently needed to develop rural area in Poland are suggested.
The aim of the study was determination of number and species composition of entomopathogenic fungi for two river catchments: Zwolenka and Zagozdzonka. Both are left side tributaries of the Vistula River and have different geological structure. The area is dominated by mosaic of extensive agriculture and forests. Three species of entomopathogenic fungi were found: Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Isaria fumoso-rosea. The dominant species in both catchment basins was I. fumosorosea. Infections caused by other factors were also noted (48% by entomopathogenic nematodes of the family Steinernematidae, remaining 19% by mites, saprophytic fungi, non-fruiting mycelia and other unidentified factors).
Agribusiness is one of the most important sector in Economy. In Poland enterprises connected with agribusiness determine considerable part of GDP. Majority of agribusiness enterprises belong to small and medium size group. Thus, prosperity and efficiency of agribusiness in greater part depends on successful performance of small and medium enterprises, especially with regard to innovation. The paper presents situation of small and medium agribusiness enterprises in Mazovia with particular attention to innovativeness development. Based on research among 54 small and medium agribusiness enterprises, researched with questionnaire, general conclusions indicate that enterprises are willing to implement innovations, however knowledge about development possibilities is low. The paper argues that the level of innovativeness among analysed agribusiness enterprises is unsatisfactory
Celem badań była analiza zmian wartości klimatycznego bilansu wodnego P–Eo (gdzie: P – opady atmosferyczne, Eo – ewapotranspiracja) w sezonie wegetacji ziemniaka w regionie północnego Mazowsza, w okresie 40 lat, z zaznaczeniem tendencji zmian bilansu w czasie oraz sklasyfikowanie lat pod względem niedoboru lub nadmiaru opadów. Przeciętny bilans wodny w sezonie wegetacyjnym ziemniaka (IV–IX) wynosił –50,4 mm. Największymi ujemnymi wartościami P–Eo wyróżniły się miesiące maj (–22,3 mm) oraz kwiecień (–21,2 mm). Najbardziej niekorzystne pod względem niedoborów wody (–280 do –200 mm) dla wegetacji ziemniaka były lata w kolejności malejącego niedoboru wody: 2003, 2002, 1988, 1983 i 2000, a pod względem nadmiaru (119 do 280 mm) lata: 2007, 2011, 1980, 2010, 1977 uszeregowane w kolejności wzrastającego nadmiaru. Ze względu na poziom opadów wyodrębniono 7 klas dla warunków wegetacji: bardzo suche, suche, umiarkowanie suche, normalne, umiarkowanie wilgotne, mokre i bardzo mokre. Analiza regresji P–Eo wykazała tendencję zmniejszania się niedoboru wody w latach 1973–2012, ale ryzyko wystąpienia roku bardzo suchego jest dwa razy większe (12,5%) niż bardzo mokrego (5%).
Deposition of Cu, Zn, Mn, Cr, Ni, Pb and Cd, and their concentrations in falling dust were measured in 1995-1998 in eastern Mazowieckie Province (former Siedleckie Province). No maximum permissible values of dust deposition, nor Pb and Cd concentrations, were exceeded. It was observed that the elements of low melting temperatures (Pb, Zn) reached higher concentrations in particulate matter, and higher deposition level in heating season compared with summer. Among all the examined metals Ni appeared to be the most stable in falling particulate matter. The results indicate that the main source of metals in falling particulate matter is the thermal and electric power industry.
The transformations taking place in the contemporary world under the influence of the processes of globalisation and internationalisation of the global economy exert a crucial impact on households’ consumer attitudes. Consumers’ behaviours in the market are being shaped under the influence of many determinants, not only strictly economic but also social and cultural. An aim of the author’s considerations is to analyse sustainable consumption and innovative consumption understood as innovative behaviours of contemporary consumers. In the first part of the article, the author synthetically carried out an analysis of sustainable consumption as well as he discussed the determinants of development and manifestations of presumption. In the second part of the text, based on his own research surveys, the author focused on grasping innovative behaviours of Mazovian households in the context of research findings. Synthetic statement concludes the study.
Natural forest fires are considered as a part of natural ecosystem processes. Short-term effects of prescribed fire on densities and taxonomic diversity of soil Acari were studied in fresh pine mixed forest (“Biala” forest ) in the Mazovia region, Central-Eastern Poland. Three plots (size 1 m²) of similar soil type and vegetation were selected for prescribed burning. Soil samples of an area of 10 cm² and the depth of 5 cm were collected in June 2005 – one day after the burning, 60 days after the burning and 90 days after the burning. Samples were collected from within the border of the burned plots, from the border itself, as well as from the surroundings. Due to the burning, the density of Acari communities decreased from 11.5 × 10³ ind. m⁻² recorded in the surroundings to 3.2 × 10³ ind. m⁻² recorded in the burned plots. Values recorded within the burned plots after the fire differed significantly from those recorded on the border (P = 0.05) and in the surroundings (P = 0.0001). After 60 days, an increase in Acari abundance was observed in the burned plots (P = 0.02), becoming similar to that noted for the border of the plot and for the surroundings. After 90 days, there were no significant differences between the burned parts of the plots, their borders and the surroundings; however, generally decreased densities were observed, possibly due to the seasonal reason. The observed changes suggest the restoration of Acari community after disturbance.
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