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The “Źródła Rzeki Łyny im. prof. R. Kobendzy” nature reserve was established in 1959 and occupies the area of 120.54 ha. The paper describes fl ora and plant communities of this reserve. In total 409 vascular plant taxa from 70 families and 235 genera were inventoried, including 24 species which are under legal protection, as well as rare plants and those which are threatened in this region. Nine plant communities were identifi ed within the boundaries of the reserve of which three were forest autogenic or autogenic-like communities (Ribeso nigri-Alnetum, Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae, Tilio cordatae- -Carpinetum betuli), three were forest anthropogenic communities with Pinus sylvestris, Betula pendula, Larix decidua and Larix ×eurolepis and Picea abies on lime-oak-hornbeam forest sites, as well as three non-forest communities (Salicetum pentandro-cinereae, Phragmitetum australis and a meadow community from the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class). The highest natural value was determined in very well developed phytocoenoses of Stellario nemorum-Alnetum glutinosae (the rarest in the reserve), in Ribeso nigri-Alnetum and Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli, as well as meadow communities from the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class. They provide sanctuary for many species of rare and threatened plants.
The paper contains the results of a study on the dependence of the qualitative and quantitative structure of the phytophilous macrofauna dwelling on Stratiotes aloides L. (water soldier) on the quality of waters in a lentic oxbow lake of the £yna River. The observations were carried out during the vegetative season (April – June) 2006 at high and moderate water levels. During the study, a total of 18 taxa of invertebrates dwelling on the above plant species were identified, with the exact number of taxa varying in time: 11 taxa were noticed in April and May, and in June their number went up to 13. The examination of hydrochemical parameters of the oxbow lake waters revealed that the density of macrofauna was lower at higher values of proper conductivity and macronutrients, ammonia nitrogen and COD, increasing at high levels of sulphates. High concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and non-organic components coincided with decreased biomass of epiphytic animals on water soldier. Additionally, it has been observed that elevated concentrations of potassium ions have a negative influence on the biomass of most epiphytic animals (except Erpobdella sp.).
This paper presents results of three years of geochemical research carried out in the upper Łyna catchment in NE Poland. Water in the system is of Ca²⁺ - HCO₃⁻ - SO₄²⁻ type and reflects mainly the impact of chemical weathering of bedrock. The results indicate that natural components such as Ca²⁺ and HCO₃⁻, derived from mineral weathering, dominate chemical composition of the Łyna River system, reaching 90%. However, agricultural input is clearly visible for ions such as Na and K. Under natural conditions their content usually reaches 4.3 and 1.2, respectively, while in the agriculture-dominated subcatchments in the study area the proportion of Na⁺ and K⁺ reached 8.3 and 4.1 mg L⁻¹. Besides land use pattern, the main factors modifying riverine transport of the dissolved substances along watercourses are open lakes. They play an important role as sinks for the ions in agricultural areas. The highest decrease in concentration was stated for K⁺ by 50%, Na⁺ by 36%, SO₄²⁻ by 25%, and Ca²⁺ by 20%. Retention of solutes in lakes is highly dependent on the location within the river catchment and water table area. The largest reservoirs in the region are capable for the retention of 8-12% of the river input. Based on changes in water quality parameters, the Łyna River profile was divided into three distinct zones: headwater zone, middle zone with lakes and lower zone with anthropogenic influences.
Badania prowadzono w latach 1983-1984 na łąkach w dolinie rzeki Łyny k. Olsztyna. Stwierdzono pojaw przedstawicieli 8 rzędów owadów. Najliczniej reprezentowany był rząd Thysanoptera, którego przedstawiciele liczniej gromadziły się w strefach łąk trawiastych niż w strefach łąk turzycowych. Największe nasilenie Thysanoptera przypadało w okresie rozwoju i dojrzewania nasion. Spośród 20 gatunków Thysanoptera tylko nieliczne były związane z trawami. Gatunkami dominującymi w strefie łąk trawiastych okazały się Chirothrips manicatus Hal. i Limothrips denticornis Hal.. Subdominantami były Frankliniella intonsa (Tryb.), Taeniothrips atratus (Hal.) Taeniothrips vulgatissimus (Hal.) i Haplothrips acu-leatus (F.).
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