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Cadmium was determined in the soil of six allotment gardens of Lodz, situated in areas with different traffic patters (the centre of the city and its suburbs). It was determined in the form of cadmium (II) dithizonate by the extraction-spectrophotometric method.
The main purpose of the paper was to identify day-and-night variations of the selected physico-chemical water characteristics (discharge, electrical conductivity, temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) of a small urban river that had been heavily transformed by human activity (Sokołówka river catchment with the area of 7.71 km²). The data came from measurements conducted in the period between 4 October 2011 and 3 October 2012, using the YSI 6920 V2 (multi-parameter probe) and ISCO 2050 (automatic current meter), in 15- and 10-minute intervals, respectively. The research has proven the existence of rhythms of diurnal and seasonal variability to the selected water characteristics. The variability of the hourly values of the tested characteristics in particular days depends to a large extent on the value of the analysed feature itself. The variability coefficients of discharge and conductivity increase with the increase in the values thereof. For dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature, the variability coefficients decrease with the increase in the values thereof. In the case of water pH, its conductivity, and temperature, the correlations between the given feature and its variability observed at different times of day are not linear, but they run along loops of varying curvature. The average day-and-night variability of the Sokołówka river’s SEC and pH was significantly changed as a result of human impact. The maximum readings of the conductivity and the pH shifted to the morning hours, with no change to the minimum readings.
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The purpose of this paper is to present how physical culture was managed in Łódź in 1945–48 during the times of social and political changes. This period is characteristic for the rebirth of sport movement after the WWII and the activities of the authorities aimed at introducing a new model of management of physical culture. On the territory of the voivodeship of Łódź, sport activity was revived along with the withdrawal of German army. The activity of reviving clubs and sport unions was quite spontaneous at first. The model of management of physical culture, introduced in 1946,combined physical education issues with military training referring to pre-war models. The newly created Voivodeship Office of Physical Education and Military Training in Łódź in 1948 was temporary. The final objective was introduction of sports management based on the Soviet model. In the years 1946–49 Łódź authorities popularized the development of physical education and sport in the way compatible with the State policy. They put pressure on massive sport events, sport was combined with military and agricultural training. The new authorities supported the development of physical education and sport in leftist organizations. Sports associations which were claimed to be adverse were eliminated.
Our work presents the results of the determination of bioavailable and total chromium (III) and chromium (VI) in the soil of an allotment garden situated in the center of Łódź. Chromium was determined by the spectrophotometric method in the form of a purple-red Cr (VI) complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazide in the acid medium, following the establishment of the optimum amounts of the oxidant (ammonium peroxidisulphate (VI)) in the soil solutions. Moreover, the effects of iron and copper ions on the determination results were examined. For comparison, chromium was also determined by atomic absorption spectrometry.
This work presents the results of determination of lead in the soils of six allotment gardens located in different parts of the city (in the centre and on the outskirts). Lead was determined spectrophotometrically in the form of pink lead(II) ditizonate.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are more dangerous xenobiotics, very car­ci­no­genic for animals and humans. They are found in air, water, sediments, and plant and animal tissues. most PAHs in the environment are derived during incomplete combustion of organic substances at temperatures lower than 700o C. total emission of all PAHs is very difficult to estimate but the global emission of benzo[a]pyrene is estimated at about 8600 tons/year. Most PAHs are li­po­philic com­pounds that can be bioaccumulated to high levels. Microbial biodegradation and sun­light de­com­po­sition are the main mechanisms for PAH removal from sediments and water. In the present paper the authors will try to de­ter­mine concentrations of 16 PAHs from the US EPA list in river water and drinking water of the ód area to be compared with bibliographic data ob­tained by other chro­mato­graphic methods.
The present work is a continuation of our research on the content of heavy metals in the soil of allotment gardens located in the area of ód. It presents results of the determination of bioavailable and total iron in the soil collected in two allotment gardens in the city. Iron was determined spectrophotometrically in the form of red-pink complex of Fe(II) and 2,2'-dipyridine. The method of determination recommended by the Polish Standards has been modified by using hy­droxy­lamine instead of glycin to reduce Fe(III) to Fe(II).
The mycobiota responsible for the development of pathological changes of the skin and its adnexa in patients presenting at the Specialist Regional Hospital, Łódź, with suspected superficial mycosis between 01 May 2003 and 30 April 2005 is analyzed. In total of 2144 isolations 39.96% were dermatophytes, 39.39% were yeast-like fungi and 20.65% were moulds. Candida albicans was the most frequently diagnosed species in fallowed by Trichophyton rubrum.
Background. Balanced meals eaten by toddlers at nursery school play an important nutritional role in satisfying a child’s daily demand for energy and nutrients as well in preventing any dietary deficiencies or excesses from occurring. Objective. To evaluate the energy and nutritional value of children’s diets at nursery schools in Lodz, Poland. Materials and methods. Analyses were performed at 30 nursery schools throughout the Lodz city municipality on the basis of 10 day menus and food inventory reports. Results were calculated using the ‘Dieta 5.0’ computer programme according to the database at the Warsaw Institute for Food and Nutrition. These were related to nutritional standards for children aged 1-3 years. Results. On average, dietary calorific values exceeded those of current nutritional recommendations, where protein was found to be 3 times higher than current standards although falling within the range of reference values. Dietary fat intake was found to be rather low, with a high content of saturated fat coupled with low intakes of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Dietary carbohydrates agreed with recommended limits however these were exceeded by the mean sucrose intake. Significant deficiencies were most noted in vitamin D and iodine intake and additionally vitamin E and iron intakes were also low. However, intakes of sodium, phosphorus, magnesium, zinc, vitamin A, B2, B6 and B12 were above the recommended values. Conclusions. The diets surveyed in nursery schools need to be better balanced to comply with current standards and dietary guidelines.
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