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In the rudd aged two years and infected with Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids the relation between its body weight and lenght (longitudo corporis) was described as W=0.0129xL. The analogous relationship in healthy fish was W=0.0166xLAt a relative infection intensity of 7.99 per cent, the infected fish were about 29.5 per cent lighter than the healthy ones. The difference between the mean body length of infected and healthy fish was not significant (p<0.05). The infection occured mainly in early spring. Plerocercoids showed a regular increase of weight during the year. An average infection extensiveness was 31.6 per cent and it underwent seasonal changes with vertices in early summer and autumn. Fish infected with more than one plerocercoid displayed an increased death rate in summer months.
Muscles of the bream Abramis brama (L.) infected and not infected with plerocercoids of L. intestinalis, as well as the plerocercoids constituted the material. In the studied material the content of water, proteins (biuret method), hydrocarbons (antron method) and lipids (Folch's method), as well as the qualitative lipid composition (thin layer chromatography on silicagel) were determined. The muscles of infected fish showed a slightly higher (by 1.6% fresh weight) water content and a slightly lower content of proteins, hydrocarbons and lipids (by 0.6%, 0.03% and 0.6°/o respectively). In the body of the plerocercoids the content of water and proteins was lower than in the host muscles (by 11% and 8% respectively), as well as that of lipids (by 2.6% and 2.7%), while the hydrocarbon content was much higher (16.7% for the plerocercoids, 0.06% for the host). It is interesting to note the high phospholipid content (31.2°/o) in the lipid pool of the plerocercoids, along with the simultaneous decrease of this fraction in the respective pool of infected bream. Besides, in the group of neutral lipids of the muscular tissue of the bream triglycerides form a significant part. The slight changes in the chemical composition of the muscles of infected fish, as compared with the relatively high level of their energy reserves (as triglycerides), suggest that the negative effect of the parasite on the physiological condition of its host is rather limited.
The tapeworm Ligula intestinalis interferes with the pituitary-gonadal axis of its fish host so that parasitised fish are unable to reproduce. To investigate how this effect may be brought about, antibodies against salmon- and chicken-II type gonadotrophin-releasing hormones (sGnRH and cGnRH-II, respectively) have been used in an immunocytochemical investigation of the brain of roach, Rutilas rutilus. Brains were removed, without the pituitary gland, from fish obtained from the wild during the period from February to April, prior to spawning. The sGnRH-positive neuronal system comprised cell bodies and fibres located in the forebrain and midbrain areas. The cGnRH-II-positive neuronal system comprised cell bodies, tracts and fibres mainly located in the posterior hypothalamic lobes and medulla. Salmon-type GnRH-positive cell bodies were demonstrated in the midbrain tegmentum. In the forebrain, the olfactory lobes contained only a few short fibres immunoreactive for sGnRH whilst the floor of the ventral telencephalon was highly reactive for sGnRH. Long tracts of cGnRH-II-positive fibres were observed to course laterally within the hypothalamic lobes, whilst cGnRH-II-positive fibres originating in the medulla formed a continuous channel coursing to the spinal chord. GnRH-positive cells were not observed in the preoptic area using anti-sGnRH or anti-cGnRH-II antibodies. The presence of the tapeworm Ligula intestinalis had no discernible effect on the GnRH-positive cells or fibres. The interaction of L. intestinalis with the pituitary-gonadal system of the fish host is discussed.
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