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Prolific differentiation of shoot buds of Leucaena leucocephala was induced from the different plant parts viz. cotyledon, hypocotyl and leaf. Adventitious shoot bud formation was recorded with prudent application of N6-2- (isopentenyl) adenosine and 15 % (v/v) coconut water. Coconut water alone was unable to produce any beneficial effect with regard to the shoot bud proliferation but the response was augmented with the increase in concentration of N6-2- (isopentenyl) adenosine. However supra-optimal level of N6-2- (isopentenyl) adenosine was inhibitory. Best response was recorded from the cotyledon explant at 2 mg·dm-3 N6-2- (isopentenyl) adenosine compared to the other two explants. Comparative assessment was undertaken following the same experimental protocol in liquid shake culture. The regenerated shoot buds were subcultured in plant growth regulator-free medium where leafy shoot emergence was recorded. Optimum regeneration of roots was observed in these shoots in presence of 1 mg dm-3 α-naphthalene acetic acid. Plantlets were finally hardened following standard procedures before transplantation to the field. In another experimental set up, the de-embryonated cotytedons regenerated shoot buds via callus formation. The regenerated shoots and plantlets obtained through callus mediated organogenesis could be used for rapid multiplication and also for the genetic improvement of individual clones of Leucaena leucocephala.
Seeds of local trees, such Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Adenanthera pavonina L., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit and Eucalyptus spp., were used as aqueous extract at 25, 50 and 100 % concentration to control the activity of Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Citwood. All seed extracts showed lethal effect on M. javanica eggs, and a gradual decrease in egg hatching and an increase in mortality of second-stage juveniles were observed with the increase in extract concentration. L. leucocephala was found to be most effective in reducing egg hatching, whereas 100 % mortality of juveniles was observed in the case of A. indica seed extract. Number of knots was significantly reduced at 100 % concentration when seeds of chick pea and mung bean were treated and soil was drenched with A. pavonina and Eucalyptus spp. seed extract.
Seed germination and seedling growth of Albizia lebbeck and and Leucaena leucocephala were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced at 500 and 700 ppm of lead and cadmium as compared to control. 700 ppm of Pb showed the highest reduction in seed germination and seedling growth of both species. Lowest reduction in different parameters of Albizia lebbeck and and Leucaena leucocephala were found at 500 ppm of Cd as compared to other treatments applied in this investigation. Percentage of tolerance was lowest at 700 ppm of lead than other treatments. L. leucocephala was comparatively more tolerant to Pb and Cd than A. lebbeck.
The seeds of Albizia lebbeck, Leucaena leucocephala and Peltophorum pterocarpum show a high rate of germination in the soil extract of control (campus) as compared to polluted areas (city). Germination percentage was lowest in the soil extracts of Guruminder and M. A. Jinnah road. The seedling length of A. Lebbeck and P. pterocarpum was not significantly altered by the soil extract of city areas, whereas L. leucocephala showed significant results. Reduction in root length was high in P. pterocarpum; similarly, it also showed a reduction in dry weight. This would indicate that P. pterocarpum was found to be the most susceptible species to automobile pollution. It showed reduction in germination, root and seedling length and biomass production. Tolerance of this species was also lowest as compared to other species.
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