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Introduction. Nutritional habits and physical activity are fundamental for a healthy lifestyle. The aim of the paper is to present differences in the area of important pillars of health taking into account youth’s gender. Material and methods. The research was conducted on Polish high school students in Riga, Latvia. The diagnostic survey method was used with International Physical Activity Questionnaire - IPAQ’s short version and the Health Behaviour Questionnaire. Results. There are major differences in health behaviour between girls and boys, including willingness to lose and gain weight, various motives for exercising to gain or lose body weight and the fear of weight gain. The field of physical activity regarding greater activity and participation in intensive exercises was dominated by boys. Conclusions. The school process of eating habits education and physical activity should be modified.
The paper has a theoretical and practical discussion about the household. There are provide the dynamic model of monetary indices system and the pattern of domestic accounting are developed, as well as the results of methodological evaluation for a five-person household in the countryside of Latvia. The developed analysis models for private households enable household advisory services to elaborate the methodological basis.
Diet of wolves Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 in Latvia was studied from 1997 to 2001 based on 302 scats and 107 stomachs. Wild ungulates (cervids and wild boarSus scrofa) and beaverCastor fiber were the dominant prey. Cervids were found in 50% of samples (62% biomass), wild boar in 25% (21% biomass), beavers in 14% (12% biomass). Wolves selected for wild boar, especially in winter when its ratio in the diet increased to 34% from 20% in summer. It was a more common prey species in the east of the country. The ratio of beavers, small rodents and plant food was higher in summer, which resulted in a broader food niche in summer than in winter (B = 2.53 versus 1.81, respectively). The role of domestic animals in the wolf diet was minimal except for winter when they were consumed as carrion (13%). More than 1/3of all stomachs investigated were empty. The average weight of stomach contents was 972.8 g. The importance of the beaver as an alternative prey is discussed. We conclude that wolves in Latvia prey mainly on wild animals and conflicts with livestock owners are only occasional and/or local.
A set of medium-scale historical maps was used to reconstruct changes in spatial patterns of forest area during the last 220 years in an agricultural matrix of north-eastern Europe (Zemgale region, Latvia). Changes in total forest area by soils were determined, as well as the time period of continuous forest cover. Proportion of protected area for each soil trophic group was also calculated. Patterns of recent forest development differed between soil trophic groups. Afforestation occurred mainly on wet and poor soils in the 19th and 20th centuries, while the proportion of woodland area on fertile soils typical for nemoral forests was fairly stable. Only 1% of the fertile soil area has been covered by continuous forest for more than 220 years, and only 11% of them are protected. Nemoral deciduous forests cover only 15% of their potential natural vegetation area of forested eutrophic soils. Therefore, in regard to habitat protection that is representative of natural distribution of ecosystems, priority in conservation should be given to forests on fertile soils.
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