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Floodplains are lateral river extensions in which lotic, semi-lotic and lentic habitats are formed resulting in high habitat heterogeniety. Consequently biota development is highely influenced by its location within the floodplain and by the hydrological cycle. In the present paper the development of planktonic and biofilm bacteria associated with artificial substrates were investigated in the floodplain lake of the Danube River (Lake Sakadaš, Croatia) during different hydrological situations. The aim of the study was to investigate if there was any difference in the bacterial development between two compartments – plankton and biofilm, and how the floods influence these communities. The samples were taken monthly (July–November 2007) from surface and bottom water layer (plankton) and exposed glass slides (biofilm) at two sampling stations. For these purposes bacterial abundance was estimated by the determination of number of colony forming units (CFUs). The development of bacterioplankton was equal between the sites and had its maximum at the time of falling water after the flood pulse. Bacterioplankton abundance correlated significantly with water properties, and it had predictable dynamics comparable with the previous results established in the same floodplain area (Kopački Rit). The development of biofilm bacteria differed between the sites, and had its maximum prior to the flood pulse, or during the flood. The abundance of attached bacteria correlated with biofilm biomass while it was not significantly correlated with the water properties. Such results describe different development of planktonic and biofilm bacteria. Biofilm bacteria are more independent, compared to bacterioplankton, from the floodplain hydrology.
Effects of high water levels on the abundance of colony-forming units of eutrophic and oligotrophic bacteria were investigated. Changes in their proportion were exploited as the biological indicator of organic substrate availability. It was also reconsidered, to a certain extent, which source (autochtonous or allochtonous) of organic substrate and bacteria prevails during floods. Water samples were collected from the surface and from the bottom during high water levels in the floodplain lake (Kopačko Lake) and the connecting channel (Hulovo Channel). The relative abundance of oligotrophs vs. eutrophs was considerably higher at the end of investigation, to which higher abundance of eutrophs preceded at Kopaèko Lake sampling station. Also in Kopačko Lake, a considerably higher abundance of bacteria was noticed in the bottom samples during first intensive flooding pulses. Elevated bacterial abundance was connected with the sufficiently intensive floods (eutrophs dominate) but also with the water properties established following the settling down of disturbed conditions (oligotrophs dominate). Greater abundance in the bottom samples established during the first intensive pulse suggests a sediment origin of bacteria, while considerable differentiation between oligotrophic and eutrophic bacteria suggests an establishment of lower quality of organic substrate at the end of the investigation.
This study investigated relationships of hydrological variability and potential food resources for metazooplankton groups: rotifers, cladocerans, copepods and nauplii. Samples were collected monthly during ice-free season from March until November in 2006. Two sampling stations were chosen, the one located in Lake Sakadaš, as a segment of Kopački Rit floodplain (Croatia), and the other in the River Danube. Due to hydrological conditions we divided our samples into two hydrological groups which corresponded to: 1/ increased water level i.e. disturbed phase and 2/ decreased water level representing a more stable phase. Abundance of metazooplankton was not significantly different between hydrological groups in the River Danube. However, it was significantly different between hydrological groups in Lake Sakadaš (one-way ANOSIM R = 0.688, P = 0.024), where during a decreased water level higher abundance of metazooplankton was recorded. Rotifers were the most abundant metazooplankton group during the whole investigated period at both stations and between both hydrological groups comprising almost 99% of total metazooplankton abundance. Rotifers were significantly positively correlated with the total number of bacteria, as well as with ammonium and total phosphorous concentrations. The metazooplankton community in Lake Sakadaš was negatively influenced by flooding, but not in the River Danube. Compared to the River Danube the investigated floodplain lake showed potential as a storage zone for metazooplankton development during more stable hydrological periods. During that time abundance of rotifers was related to the heterotrophic component of microbial food web. Hence, this investigation adds to the understanding of the metazooplankton dynamics in riverfloodplain systems as well as of their relations with trophic levels under variable hydrological conditions.
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