This study is based on a 50-year data series (1964-2013) of total solar radiation (G) from the Kołobrzeg – station that is located on the Polish Baltic Sea coast and is characterised by a very high level of air quality. To find and remove gross errors, quality control checking procedures were applied in this study. Additionally, the homogeneity of the G series in this study has been tested on a monthly basis by using of the Standard Normal Homogeneity Test for single shifts. We found a statistically non-significant decrease in G during the period from 1964 to 2013. The decrease in the 5-year mean total solar radiation is evident from the beginning of the 1980s, with the minimum mean value occurring in the second half of the 1990s, while G slightly increased from the early 2000s. The analysis of seasonal G patterns shows that total solar radiation in summer is the most similar to the annual pattern and only the summer series trend shows a statistically significant decrease in G. We have also found two noticeable tendencies in monthly anomalies of G over the studied decades; they are negative trends in May and August. The shape of the decadal daily G histogram remained unchanged during the analysed decades.
In this work a general characteristics of thermal conditions in Kołobrzeg in the years 1976-2005 is presented. The most important part of the paper is the analysis of extreme temperature days (very frosty, frosty, warm and hot) in relation to the types of atmospheric circulation (according to the classification proposed by Osuchowska-Klein 1978). Daily mean and extreme air temperature data for the weather station in Kołobrzeg were the basis of the paper. The obtained results provide strong evidence that the occurrence of days with extreme air temperatures depends mostly on the atmospheric circulation pattern. Particularly high and low air temperatures in Kołobrzeg, in most cases, are not determined by the character (cyclonic or anticyclonic) of atmospheric circulation, but mainly by the direction of air advection. More detailed analysis has revealed that in the winter months (Dec-Feb) the highest frequency of days with sub-zero maximum temperatures is usually associated with the incursion of continental polar air during anticyclonic circulation types. Conversely, maritime air flow from the Atlantic Ocean most often induced by zonal circulation (especially during cyclonic types over Poland) regularly brings warming in winter. In the warm halfyear (Apr-Sep) strong and persistent advection of the air from the southern or eastern sector (in anticyclonic types: E1, E, D2C and cyclonic ones: F and B) is the most important factor determining the occurrence of warm and hot days in Kołobrzeg. The days with tmax ≥ 25oC appear most rarely during the types accompanied by the winds from the western or northern sector.
A population of Mya arenaria was studied in the Polish coastal zone (up to 3 nautical miles) of the Baltic Sea in the open coast of Polish Middle Pomerania. Abundance, wet biomass, and the frequency of Mya were determined in the coastal waters, including estuaries of the Parseta, Wieprza, Słupia, Łupawa, and Łeba rivers and Władysławowo. The frequency (F) of Mya in the open coast of the Middle Pomerania amounted to 19.5%. The abundance of Mya, in the coastal zone surveyed, ranged from 0 to 265 specimens per m2 of the bottom (x¯ = 10.4 spec. m–2). Wet biomass of this bivalve ranged from 0 to 25.52 gww m-2 (x¯ = 1.56 gww m-2). Apparently Mya arenaria has found better conditions for living and development in the central of the Middle Pomerania coast. The abundance of this mollusc in the estuary of Słupia (Ustka) was 100-fold higher than in the estuary of Wieprza (Darłowo) and Łupawa (Rowy) and the wet weight was 11-fold higher, respectively. Mya arenaria plays an important role in the monitoring of benthos of the Baltic Sea, constitutes a food base of animals (fish), and takes part in the process of purification of waters of the coast stretch studied (biofiltration, biosedimentation).
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