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Our society is becoming more environmently senstive. There is a portion of population that perceives turfgrass management as a waste of resources and damaging to the environment. There is need to minimize the total expense of lawn management and to conserve water. In near future there will be an increasing market for low-maintenance turfgrass. The evaluation of turf quality of 11 ecotypes from genus Koeleria were taken in turf experiment. Further, two selected ecotypes were evaluated in extensively treated turf experiment (low fertilisation, water deficit) with special close mowing to provoke water deficit damage. Turf quality of junegrass ecotypes was similar to the quality of kentucky bluegrass, red fescue and perennial ryegrass and sward density variation of junegrass were smaller than in other tested species. Response of junegrass plants to water deficit was very fast and plants turn brown and become dormant after 15 days of drought. After 7 days of water application dormant plants turn back green to initial condition (i.e. condition before the drought period) same as sheep fescue (cv. Gabi), chewings fescue (cv. Nimba), strong creeping red fescue and perennial ryegrass varicties. It was concluded that Koeleria can partially escape droughts by reducing leaf and relying on dormant stage to enable rapid regeneration when rain falls. It could become valuable component of grass mixtures for sites with water deficit.
Koeleria species are long-lived bunchgrass native to North America, Eurasia and Africa. Found through open prairie and parkland regions, but less common in open-bush areas. Above genus is considered to be a morphologically complicated one and it is difficult to find any useful characters for discrimination of either the species or the infraspecific taxa (FREY, 1993). The aim of above studies was to define variability of some ecotypes from genus Koeleria for the purpose of further work on selecting material as a turf grass. The analysis of phenological and morphological variation of 11 ecotypes of three species: Koeleria macrantha, Koeleria pyramidata, Koeleria vallesiana were carried on. It was concluded that ecotypes from Koeleria pyramidata are the most homogenous group from all examined. Two groups in Koeleria macrantha species wcre selected on the basis of heading date: very early and very late (difference of mean heading date between – 6.3). Variation observed in three Koeleria species is essential to further experiments and creation of forms with expected turf quality.
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