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The distribution of arsenic in the region of Katowice is described. In the sedimentation velocity of arsenic different related from distance of distribution in rainy period and sun period. For the given direction wind the surface load of suspended dust were investigated. The concentration of arsenic in air and in fallout changed in relation to wind velocity and inversion layer height.
The article reports the results of an exploratory analysis of an air monitoring data set, collected at a monitoring station in the biggest, most congested and most polluted city of the silesian region, Katowice. In order to extract important information on air pollution in this city, the strategy of exploring the data set with missing elements and outliers simultaneously existing in the data was used. The strategy assumed the initial estimation of missing elements based on the application of robust Partial Least Squares (rPLS) and outli­ers identification based on the so-called robust distance. After outliers identification and replacing them with missing elements, the Expectation-Maximization iterative approach (built into Principal Component Analysis (PCA)) was used for the construction of the final model.
A permanent improvement in ambient air quality in the Urban Area of Katowice over recent years could have resulted in a decreased risk of air pollution-related daily mortality. Our study investigates the risk associated with the levels of PM₁₀ and SO₂, obtained seven years apart (time-series analyses in 1994-95 and 2001- 02). For both periods the acute mortality risk depends more on SO₂ than on PM₁₀ levels. The permanent improvement in ambient air pollution was associated with a decrease in relative risk of mortality, only for SO₂ levels. For example, the magnitude of the total mortality relative risk related to a 10 μg/m³ increase in pollutant’s concentration (a 3-day moving average) was for SO₂ 1.019 (1.015-1.023) in 1994-95 and 1.012 (1.005- 1.019) in 2001-02, and for PM₁₀ 1.007 (1.004-1.011) in 1994-95 and 1.007 (1.003-1.011) in 2001-02.
In environmental epidemiology, short-term effects of ambient air pollution on mortality are explored using time-series analysis including various definitions of the exposure variable. In order to find out if and to what extent the magnitude of air pollution-related relative risk of death depends on the definition of the exposure variable, we analyzed data on daily mortality and air pollution concentrations obtained in the city of Katowice in 2001-02 (range of daily number of deaths: 17-76; range of 24-hour concentrations in μg/m³: PM₁₀ = 11.2-421.3, SO₂ = 10.5-239.8, NOₓ = 15.7-287.7). The modeling results confirmed the dominant role of SO₂ among the monitored ambient air pollutants, after adjustment for meteorological variables. The value of SO₂- related relative risk of death (total mortality) depended on the definition of exposure variable – for same-day concentrations of SO₂ it was 1.007, and for a three-day moving average it was 1.012. The largest values of risk estimates were provided by exposure variables expressed as a 40-day moving average (SO2-related relative risk = 1.022). Our findings highlight the importance of the choice of the model (including definition of exposure variables) in exploring time-series mortality data. On biological grounds our findings suggest that people at risk of death (i.e. elderly with cardiorespiratory disorders) could be more affected by an accumulating burden of exposure (expressed by average air pollution levels over a longer period) than by acute exposures to increasing air pollution levels.
A new stand, formed by some fifty individuals of Ambrosia artemisiifolia L., an invasive plant of alien origin, was discovered at the Katowice railway station (southern Poland), in 2011. Two years later, the stand (increased to more than 160 individuals in the meantime) was re-visited, phytosociological survey was made, and four soil cores (5 cm deep and 80 cm² surface area, each) were taken for seed bank studies. The phytosociological sampling revealed 28 co-occurring vascular species, most of them representing hemicryptophyte and geophyte life forms. According to Ellenberg's values, the species pool indicated sunny (L7 and L8 species dominating) and semi-dry (mainly F4 species) habitat for the common ragweed population, whereas Zarzycki's soil granulometric data reflected coarse-grained soil. Albedo of the soil was lower than that of the vegetation thus sparsely vegetated sites were considered as heat accumulating microhabitats that might support establishment of the thermophilic A. artemisiifolia. During soil seed bank analysis a high number of naturally opened fruits (dehiscent achenes) were found (718.75 per m²) most probably indicating frequent germination in previous years. Greenhouse germination tests proved successful germination of 125 individuals per m², which was considered enough to maintain the A. artemisiifolia stand at the station. The results call attention to a newly discovered, established population with increasing demography of A. artemisiifolia, a highly allergenic introduced weed of Poland.
PM-2.5 and PM-10 samples were collected in the centre of Katowice, Poland during February to May 2001. They were analyzed by gravimetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy combined with an energy dispersive spectrometer and electron paramagnetic resonance. The combination of these methods allows us to analyze elemental composition, size and morphology of more than three hundred individual atmospheric particles. The composition of the aerosol particles is strongly influenced by meteorological conditions such as wind speed and direction. Mineral elements mainly existed in large-size particles. The anthropogenic pol­lution elements, however, are contained in corpuscles (< 2 ^m). In comparison with the situation in the wintertime, the number of particles rich in some heavy metals in springtime was found to be lower. The EPR spectra are complex and their features correspond to: I type: Cu2+ centra in a low-symmetry host site, II type: radical species in the soot, which appears as the paramagnetic pyrolyzed product.
Mierzono stężenie platyny w powietrzu nad ulicami Częstochowy i Katowic w 1996 r. Platynę wyłapywano, przepompowując powietrze przez filtry poliwęglanowe o średnicy porów 0,8 µm i oznaczano metodą spektrometrii absorpcyjno-atomowej. W 50 próbkach stwierdzono średnie stężenie platyny 6,69 (SD 1,14) pg/m3.
The study concerns the assessment of the traffic influence on the concentrations of three particulate matter (PM) fractions and their basic components. The PM samples were collected simultaneously at two receptors in Katowice. The measurement sites represented the so-called urban background and traffi c points. The contents of the organic and elementary carbon as well as water-soluble ions were determined in the samples. It has been observed that the traffic (car engines) pollution emissions enrich the submicron and fine PM particles with the elementary carbon at a typical urban background in southern Poland. On the other hand, the infl uence of the re-suspension of the road and soil dust, caused by traffic, on the concentrations and chemical composition is observed for the coarse PM fraction.
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