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The paper presents the results of studies on the structure of non-glandular and glandular trichomes occurring on the surface of leaves of eight species of the genus Kalanchoë Adans. (Crassulaceae DC.). Stereoscopic, light and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the length and number of trichomes on a 1 mm2 area of both surfaces of the leaf blade, the shape and number of their cells, the content of anthocyanins or tannins in the cells, cuticle sculpture, the presence of surface waxes, and protuberances of the cell walls of the mentioned structures. Considerable differentiation of trichome structure was observed. Trichomes were divided into eight types. Four were for non-glandular trichomes: bushy three-branched type (K. beharensis Drake et Castillo, K. millotii Hamet et H. Perr., K. tomentosa Bak), peltate stellate type (K. hildebrandtii Baill.), peltate sagittal-hastate type (K. hildebrandtii, K. orgyalis Bak.), and peltate rhomboid type (K. rhombopilosa Mann. et Boit.). The remaining four were for glandular trichomes: clavatetype (K. gastonis-bonnieri R. Hamet et H. Perr.), capitate type (K. beharensis, K. manginii R. Hamet et H. Perr., K. millotii), peltate type (K. millotii) and truncate type (K. orgyalis). The presence of different types of dead non-glandular and glandular trichomes on the surface of the leaves, the morphology of which was studied in the present work, may be considered an important adaptation to the conditions of the natural environment.
Control of flower induction is one of the most important aims in the floriculture industry as it determines the usefulness of plants for cross-pollination and production of flowering plants. The Kalanchoë genus contains around 140 species and numerous interspecific hybrids with a broad range of morphological traits, which makes this genus one of the most cultivated potted plants in the world. Commercial cultivars are easily induced to flowering by short days photoperiod, however, the number of species used for breeding is limited due to the lack of knowledge of flower inducing factors. Many studies suggested that cold night temperature can positively affect flowering in some Kalanchoë species. This study aimed to evaluate flowering in K. prittwitzii, K. marmorata and K. longiflora exposed to different night temperatures (6°C, 12°C and 18°C) combined with short day photoperiod (8 h). K. prittwitzii exhibited 100% flowering in all treatments, and flowering was enhanced by low night temperatures. K. marmorata had minimal flowering response to the treatments and K. longiflora did not flower in any of the treatments. The results support a postulate that interaction between different stimuli is required for flower induction in Kalanchoë species and demonstrate that night temperature can modify the flowering response. Therefore, the interaction between different factors during the plant life cycle requires further investigation.
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