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Geographical variation in the cranial and external characters of the little tube-nosed bat, Murina silvatica in the Japanese archipelago

100%

Fukui D., Maeda K., Hill D. A., Matsumura S., Agetsuma N.

Acta Theriologica

2005

tom 50

nr 3

The distribution ofMurina silvatica (Yoshiyuki, 1983) in the Japanese archipelago extends over about 2000 km from north to south. Specimens were obtained from populations in Hokkaido and Yakushima, which are at the northern and southern ends of the range, and from two intermediate locations in Honshu. Measurements of cranial and external morphology were examined for evidence of geographical variation. The results of both multivariate analysis of variance and cluster analysis showed that there was no distinct cline in skull morphology among the Hokkaido, Tohoku and Chubu populations. However, the results of multivariate analysis of variance showed that all measures were significantly greater for the Yakushima population than for the others. Similarly, in a dendrogram of cluster analysis, the Yakushima population formed a cluster that was distinct from the other populations. However, as the difference between the Yakushima population and the other populations was less than the variation found within the Hokkaido, Tohoku and Chubu populations, morphological divergence of the Yakushima population was attributable to intraspecific variation. The island of Yakushima is the most isolated of the four locations and the morphological divergence of this population may be associated with its relative geographic isolation.

Altitudinal variation in the diet of sika deer on the Izu Peninsula: patterns in the transitional zone of geographic variation along the Japanese archipelago

67%

Kitamura T., Sato Y., Takatsuki S.

Acta Theriologica

2010

tom 55

nr 1

89-93

Geographical variation in the diet of sika deer Cervus nippon Temminck, 1838 has been well characterised: northern populations are grazers, whereas southern deer are browsers. This variation largely reflects genetic-based differences in morphology. However, environmental factors would be also important. If a same genetic population live in different habitats, we can check altitudinal shifts in sika deer food consumption. We hypothesised that changes in the diet of the sika deer population on the Izu Peninsula, which is located within the transitional zone of resource (vegetation) variation and encompasses a broad altitudinal range, would mirror shifts in the composition of vegetation. Analyses of the rumen contents of the deer population indicated that dwarf bamboo accounted for 10.5, 46.2, and 74.3% of the deer diet in the low (<800 m), middle (800–1000 m), and high (>1000 m) altitudinal zones, respectively. In contrast, evergreen broad-leaved species accounted for 35.7, 23.1, and 5.9%, respectively. These results suggest that the diet of sika deer is more strongly affected by environmental factors, such as plant community composition, than by genetic factors.

Ograniczanie wyników

2 Acta Theriologica

1 Agetsuma N.

1 Fukui D.

1 Hill D. A.

1 Kitamura T.

1 Maeda K.

1 Matsumura S.

1 Sato Y.

1 Takatsuki S.

1 2010

1 2005

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Geographical variation in the cranial and external characters of the little tube-nosed bat, Murina silvatica in the Japanese archipelago

Altitudinal variation in the diet of sika deer on the Izu Peninsula: patterns in the transitional zone of geographic variation along the Japanese archipelago