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A revision of the Isopyrum thalictroides localities known from literature has been made. Exact position of the localities, the size of the forest community in which the species was found and its local name were established. The taxonomic classification of all herbarial specimens collected at the localities studied was tested.
Seven new localities of Isopyrum thalictroides were found in the Taczanów Forest near Pleszew (south Wielkopolska). The paper presents their exact location, phytosociological characteristics, population size structure, as well as levels and types of hazards posed to the survival of these populations.
The paper reports the information on distribution, habitats, and abundance of the rare, in the Wielkopolska, species Isopyrum thalictroides. In particular, characteristics of the abiotic habitats, phytocenoses are given, together with the data on abundance and structure of populations, production of flowers, fruit and seeds.
Isopyrum thalictroides is classified as an indicator species of the so-called ‘old-growth forests’. It occurs in shady deciduous forests and is a characteristic species of the order Fagetalia silvaticae. In many parts of Europe and Poland, it is classified in Red Lists of endangered species with different threat levels. Studies of an occurrence of I. thalictroides were carried out in the years 2000–2002 and 2010–2012 to examine changes in the abundance and morphological and genetic diversity of populations inhabiting small mid-field forest fragments (populations 2–4) and a compact forest (1 population), all located in east central Poland. Isopyrum thalictroides cover declined drastically at all isolated sites (from 83 to 93%) whereas the whole species diversity of these phytocenoses increased. By contrast, in the compact forest both, the area occupied by I. thalictroides population and the total community composition only slightly changed over time. When I. thalictroides plants sampled from all studied sites were compared in terms of the biometrical characteristics, populations 3 and 4 were found to be most similar, population 1 was less similar and population 2 was the most different of all populations, probably due to strong anthropogenic pressure. Electrophoretic analysis of seed and leaf storage proteins of Isopyrum thalictroides obtained from the four sites demonstrated that the populations were quite similar genetically, no matter how distant they were from each another. Population 2 was the most diverse, followed by population 1 whereas populations 3 and 4 were the most similar. A decreasing genetic distance in the I. thalictroides population would lead to inbreeding as seed setting by the plants will be poorer and the seeds will be less viable, which will result in a lower number of plants per a given area. The decreased gene pool indicates that the population of I. thalictroides is threatened with extinction in this area. Therefore, it is warranted to undertake some conservation measures to protect the species; hence the need arises to monitor it.
The study presents vascular flora, both spontaneous and that coming from former and contemporary plantings found in five palace parks in the Wielkopolska region. Analyses were conducted in the years 2010–2013. A total of 612 vascular plant species were reported. In terms of the floristic composition the park in Wąsowo was the richest (335 species), while the park in Konarzewo was the poorest (133 species). Interesting plants occurring spontaneously in the analysed area include Alisma ×rhicnocarpum, Asperugo procumbens, Cardamine flexuosa, Cardamine hirsuta, Cerastium macrocarpum, Geranium molle, Monotropa hypophagea, Oxalis corniculata, Stellaria neglecta and Vicia dasycarpa. The most interesting species grown or probably purposefully introduced to the parks include Acanthus longifolius, Aegopodium podagraria ‘Variegatum’, Chaerophyllum aromaticum, Corydalis cava, Corydalis intermedia, Cymbalaria muralis, Euphorbia amygdaloides, Gagea minima, Geranium pyrenaicum, Geranium sanguineum, Gypsophilla paniculata, Helianthemum apenninum, Isopyrum thalictroides, Lithospermum purpurocaeruleum, Luzula luzuloides, Narcissus pseudonarcissus, Origanum vulgare, Ornithogalum nutans, Poa chaixii, Rudbeckia fulgida, Telekia speciosa and Viola cyanea.
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