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Scots pine is the main forest tree species in Poland. In this study we investigated variation in growth among 20 populations at two common−garden sites of the IUFRO 1982 provenance experimental series after 35 years of growth. The sites managed by the Forest Research Institute are located in Wyszków and Sękocin (central Poland). Populations show great diversity in the productivity and stem straightness depending on the geographical origin. The character of variability confirms the results obtained on other experimental plots established within the IUFRO 1982 series. In terms of growth, populations such as: Pornóapáti, Ardennes, Haguenau, Neuhaus as well as Miłomłyn, Rychtal and Bolewice are the best. Populations from the south of Europe grow in Polish conditions very poorly and have a low survival rate. Some of the well−growing populations (Ardennes, Pornóapáti and Haguenau) probably comes from selected stands or seed orchard. Stabilization of ranging for the best and worst populations can be observed after 15 years of growth (fig. 1). It follows that in growing experiments, conclusions about the breeding value can be drawn after 15 years. Polish populations such as Miłomłyn, Rychtal and Bolewice are growing very well and can be the basis for further selection work. Obtained results can be used for future breeding, forest genetic resources conservation and also for the other research like dendrochronology and better estimation of the seed transfer rules of forest reproductive material.
In this study the genetic structure of Istebna and Tarnawa plus trees was studied and polymorphism of twenty four provenances of spruce tested in a IPTNS−IUFRO 1964/68 site in Krynica representing selected regions of the species occurrence was analyzed. The genetic diversity was estimated with seven isoenzyme systems encoded in eleven loci. The highest genetic polymorphism was shown by plus trees of the Istebna and Tarnawa race and the lowest by spruce from IUFRO experiment. There was a statistically significant effect of origin on the mean number of alleles per locus. The origin of the analyzed trees had no effect on other parameters of genetic variability: the effective number of alleles per locus, observed and expected heterozygosity and Wright index.
The genetic variation of Norway spruce provenances from fourteen geographical regions were tested in the IPTNS−IUFRO 1964/68 experiment in Krynica. The genetic structure of seven isozyme systems coded by eleven loci was described. Parameters of genetic polymorphism i.e. the average number of alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity were 1.47 and 0.12, respectively. The spruces from Belarus were characterised by the highest genetic diversity, while the provenances from south−eastern Styria – the lowest. The values of Wright's inbreeding coefficient varied from –0.417 for the Romanian provenances to 0.223 for the provenances from 28th Krutzsch regions (Tyrol−Salzburg; Austria).
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