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The objective of the performed experiment was to determine possibilities of Holcus lanatus re-introduction into meadow communities applying the technique of overdrilling. Investigations were carried out in years 1998-1999 on some selected parts of permanent meadows extending along the Noteć River. Two experimental enclaves were marked off: meadow „A" with 10% proportion of Holcus lanatus and meadow „B" on which the above species occurred in trace amounts. Seeds of Holcus lanatus were introduced employing the overdrilling technique using, for this purpose, a Vredo drill. Seeds of Holcus lanatus, in the amount of 4 kg per hectare, were sown in late summer (18. August, 1998). The following indices were used to determine overdrilling effectiveness: number of height of Holcus lanatus seedlings and the proportion of this species in the sward. The reference point of Holcus lanatus re-introduction effectiveness was Lolium perenne, which was simultaneously introduced on complementary meadow areas. Results of the performed experiments confirmed the possibility of Holcus lanatus re-introduction into meadow communities. The effect of the applied operation was sward with the domination of Holcμs lanatus and the persistence of this grass in the sward one year after overdrilling was at the level of 22-29%. The factor limiting the introduction of Holcus lanatus is the lack of seeds of this species on the Polish market. An important point in the process of Holcus lanatus re-introduction is the determination of the date of plant emergence after overdrilling. The results of investigations, which should be treated as introductory, indicated the longer period of emergence and slower seedling growth of Holcus lanatus in comparison with Lolium perenne. These properties may be significant in reducing re-introduction effectiveness.
The objective of this research project was to determine changes in quantitative occurrence of organic and mineral components affecting, directly and indirectly, fodder value following nitrogen fertilisation. Investigations were carried out in years 1997-2000 on two experimental plots. Analytical material was derived from two experiments. Experiment I was established on the collection of Holcus lanatus. Experiment II was of production nature and was established on a permanent meadow. Identical fertilisation with phosphorus (70 kg ha⁻¹) and potassium (60 kg ha⁻¹) were applied on both objects. In the case of nitrogen, two levels of fertilisation i.e. 50 and 100 kg ha⁻¹ per regrowth were applied. The applied nitrogen fertilisation levels reflected current opinions associated with meadow fertilisation containing Holcus lanatus. The assessment criteria of Holcus lanatus response to nitrogen fertilisation included: protein, sugars, cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignins, phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, potassium. The obtained results enlarge our knowledge about fodder value of Holcus lanatus. It turned out that the examined grass responded with positive changes of its chemical composition to nitrogen fertilisation. It can be assumed that fertilisation allows obtaining velvet grass, which is more friendly for animals. One application of 50 kg ha⁻¹ N dose can be recommended as a more rational amount to be used on meadows containing Holcus lanatus in their composition. The use of higher nitrogen doses failed to yield significant qualitative results. Holcus lanatus can accumulate nitrate nitrogen in amounts, which can be dangerous for animal health and productivity. That is why periodical control of its content is justified.
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Klosowka welnista - bydlu przyjemna pasza?

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W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań nad Holcus lanatus w aspekcie jej paszowego wykorzystania. Skład chemiczny runi z dominacją Holcus lanatus wyróżnia się wysoką wartością pokarmową, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do kompleksu węglowodanowo-ligninowego. Korzystnie przedstawia się również skład mineralny. Jednakże w przypadku łąk zlokalizowanych na glebach torfowych niepokój może budzić nie zawsze optymalna zawartość potasu. Holcus lanatus nie można określić mianem gatunku o niskiej smakowitości. Okazuje się, że obecność tego gatunku nie obniża wykorzystania runi pastwisk podczas wypasu, a w odrostach wiosennych działa stymulująco. Ze strony pasących się zwierząt potrzebny jest wyższy nakład pracy na zerwanie blaszek liściowych Holcus lanatus niż Lolium perenne, ale analogiczny do Dactylis glomerata. Holcus lanatus jest więc intertesującą trawą pastewną. Toteż dotychczasowe, negatywne poglądy o tym gatunku jako roślinie pastewnej muszą ulec zmianie.
The roadside vegetation in some counties of north England (north and west Yorkshire) was studied to determine the community structure according to the British National Vegetation Classification (NVC) and main environmental factors influencing its composition. The data from Phytosociological survey (699 quadrats) and from the physico-chemical analyses of 233 soil samples from 35 sites were obtained. Both the classification (TWINSPAN & MATCH) and ordination programs (Canonical Correspondence Analysis) were used. The roadside vegetation is mainly dominated by few grasses (Arrhenatherum elatius, Festuca rubra, Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, Poa trivialis, Elymus repens, Holcus lanatus) and their associated herbs (Cirsium arvense, Heracleum sphondylium, Urtica dioica). Five NVC Mesotrophic grassland communities (Arrhenatheretum elatioris community MG1, Lolium perenne-Cynosurus cristatus grassland MG6, Lolium perenne leys MG7, Holcus lanatus-Deschampsia cespitosa grassland MG9, Festuca rubra-Agrostis stolonifera-Potentilla anserina grassland MG11) and one Upland Festuca ovinaAgrostis capillaris-Galium saxatile grassland, U4 were identified which in general, exhibited good fit with the typical NVC units. Altitude, pH, potassium, sodium and road age were found to be the main variables affecting the roadside vegetation. By relating the floristic composition with ecological characteristics of the roadside verges, three kinds of pattern of variation are observed. The first pattern is related to regional or geographical characteristics and the second pattern of variation exists across the width of the road verges showing a zonal pattern of plant distribution. The third scale of pattern is active at the local level including micro-environmental conditions, e.g., local edaphic variables.
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