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As far as the detection of metal genotoxicity in fish is concerned, micronucleus (MN) test is considered an extremely suitable measure. In this study, frequencies of micronucleated erythrocytes were scored in peripheral blood of catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (bloch) after acute in-vivo exposure of zinc at different concentrations (5, 10 and 30 ppm) in the laboratory condition. These three concentrations of zinc were tested at different durations such as 24h, 48h, 72h and 96h respectively. Highly significant (P < 0.001) increased values were obtained for MN frequencies in the peripheral erythrocytes of exposed fishes compared to control groups of fishes. These results confirm that dose- and time-dependent micronucleation in the peripheral erythrocytes of fish after short-term exposure to zinc could provide valuable information regarding zinc containing effluent quality and also help in genetic biomonitoring with this test model. In this context safe concentration of zinc vis-a-vis genotoxicity range could be evaluated for future studies.
The 96 h LC50 values of carbaryl, methyl parathion individually and equitoxic of both were 19.99, 10.00, and 16.68 ppm respectively. Animals exposed to sublethal levels of carbaryl and methyl parathion individually and in combination significantly reduced the rates of feeding, absorption, and conversion and increased oxygen consumption and surfacing frequency. Methyl parathion was more toxic than carbaryl in individual concentration and in combination produced synergistic and antagonistic effects.
The exposure of the Indian catfish Heteropneustes fossilis to 96 hr LCo concentration (5 mg dm-3) of a carbamate pesticide propoxur evoked a significant increase in the values of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and clotting time of the blood, whereas significant decreases were observed in the total erythrocyte, leucocyte, and thrombocyte counts and haematocrit, and haemoglobin content.
Acute (6.25 mg dm-3, exposure 36 h) and subacute (2.08 and 1.04 mg dm-3, exposure 1-8 weeks) levels of selenium caused periglomerular fibrosis accompanied with intrafiltration of blood cells in the capsular space. Proliferative glomerulonephritis as well as fragmentation and necrosis of cells of the renal tubule were also observed. However, no remarkable change was noted in fish exposed to a sublethal (0.625 mg dm-3) concentration of Se for 1-8 weeks.
The ocular lens diameter of the teleost fishes Heteropneustes fossilis and Ilisha elongata was used as an age indicator. The results showed that this technique could be adopted for estimating the age of individuals of these two species.
Background. The stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794), has recently raised interest among fish farmers, ornamental fish keepers, and pathologists. Its natural populations are threatened due to habitat loss and high fishing pressure. A number of factors may influence the reproductive success of this. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of one of such factors—the water hardness—on the course of the embryogenesis, the structure of the egg shell, the general morphology, and the behaviour of the hatched larvae. Materials and Methods. The fertilised eggs were incubated at a constant temperature of 23 ± 0.2°C in water of different hardness: 0°GH (soft), 9°GH (moderately soft), 18°GH (moderately hard). Egg membranes of activated eggs were viewed under a scanning electron microscope. Also egg membranes strength and egg deformations were determined 1.5 h after fertilisation. Images of eggs and newly hatched larvae, recorded with the observation sets described above, were measured and analysed. Results. The study showed the eggs were surrounded by thin, translucent, ~5 μm thick membranes equipped with numerous outgrowths on the external surface and porous on the inner side. The following observations were made within 828 h° (degree-hour) at 23 ± 0.2°C: the highest volume of eggs (1.16 ± 0.092 mm3) was typical for eggs incubated in soft water (0°GH), while the lowest egg volume (0.99 ± 0.113 mm3) was recorded in eggs incubated in moderately soft water (9°GH); yolks spheres were greenish in colour, the embryonic disc and the embryo itself being reddish; the embryo performed diverse movements (quasi-peristaltic, cardiac muscle contractions); after few hours of hatching, the pigments developed resulting in colour appearance; club-like primordial barbels were formed 24 h after hatching; the larvae commenced feeding on day 3 post hatching. Conclusion. Water hardness influences embryonic and larval development and the effects may be diverse. Low water hardness is recommended for egg incubation. However, the situation changed when the egg membrane protection ceased to exist at hatching. Increasing water hardness a few hours prior to the expected hatching time prevents larval deformation.
Exposure of the freshwater catfish H. fossilis to an acute concentration of 0.20 mg dm-3 (l/5th of 4 days LC50) of malachite green for 4 days evoked hepatic and muscle glycogenolysis with concomitant hyperglycaemia and chloraemia. Exposure of fish to sub-acute 0.10 mg dm-3 (l/10th of 4 days LC50) and sub-lethal 0.05 mg dm-3 (l/20th of 4 days LC50) concentrations of the dye also evoked a significant increase in blood glucose and chloride levels at short (10-20 days) and long (30-60 days) term as well as liver and muscle glycogenolysis at short term. However, there were no marked changes in the liver glycogen content at the sub-lethal dose or muscle glycogen content at either sub-acute or sub-lethal concentrations for long term exposure.
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