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1

Sequence heterogeneity of the envelope-like domain in cultivated allotetraploid Gossypium species and their diploid progenitors

100%
Hafez E. E., Abdel G. A. A., Paterson A. H., Zaki E. A.
Journal of Applied Genetics
|
2009
|
tom 50
|
nr 1
17-23
Retroviral envelope (env)-like sequences in 2 cultivated allotetraploid cottons and their diploid progenitors have been identified and characterized in this study. DNA sequence analysis reveals that these sequences are heterogeneous. The observed sequence diversity, however, seems to preserve coding information. This is evidenced by the detection of the transmembrane domain (TM), which is the most conserved feature of the divergent retroviral env genes. The high ratio of synonymous to nonsynonymous changes suggests that these sequences are evolving under purifying selection. Phylogenetic analysis shows that Gossypium sequences closely cluster with a lineage of plant endogenous retroviruses that have an env-like gene. These results provide evidence for the antiquity and the wide diversity of env-like sequences in the Gossypium genome.
2
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Detoxifying enzyme studies on cotton leafhopper, Amrasca biguttula biguttula (Ishida), resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides in field populations in Karnataka, India

80%
Halappa B., Patil R. K.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
|
2016
|
tom 56
|
nr 4
The cotton leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) is considered to be an alarming insect pest causing both quantitative and qualitative loss in cotton. In situ bioassay studies were done and the role of detoxifying enzymes in conferring resistance to neonicotinoid groups of insecticides in low (MUD), medium (DVG), high (HVR) and very high (GLB) pesticide usage areas of Karnataka were determined. Bioassay studies showed that imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, thiacloprid and clothianidin registered varying levels of resistance for all the locations studied. The resistance ratio was high in imidacloprid (3.35, 8.57, 9.15 and 12.27 fold respectively) and the lowest in dinoferuran (1.86, 5.13, 6.71 and 9.88 fold respectively). Furthermore, the enzyme activity ratio (glutathione-S-transferase) was relatively greater, and corresponded to the higher LC50 values of neonicotinoids for very high, high, medium and low pesticide usage areas. Our study suggested that the higher activity of the detoxifying enzyme in the resistance population of cotton leafhopper apparently has a significant role in endowing resistance to neonicotinoid groups of insecticides. However, this study recommends using neonicotinoids in cotton growing areas with caution.
3
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No-tillage agriculture and genetically modified crops - probable impacts on agricultural soils

80%
Ahl C., Capeletti R. D., Gessler F., Niemeyer J., Pagel-Wieder S.
Zeszyty Problemowe Postępów Nauk Rolniczych
|
2005
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tom 507
|
nr 1
In recent years the increase in no-tillage agriculture has resulted in the increase of total herbicide Glyphosate. This is the consequences of breeding of Glyphosate resistant plant. Glyphosate (a P-containing compound) behaves like other P-components in the soil and therefore it is bound to soil Fe-hydroxides. This will result in the formation of bound residues and enrichment in the soil is very likely. The use of Bt toxin (a toxin directed mostly against the European Corn Borer) produced by genetically modified plants will lead to a change in composition of soil organic matter. The Bt toxins are proteins and bound to the outer surface of soil mineral aggregates. They compete with the soil humic substances for binding sites. This results in a complex binding behaviour and the formation of bound residues as all other proteinaceous materials.
4
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Tryumf "białego złota"

61%
Karczmarczuk R.
Wszechświat
|
2011
|
tom 112
|
nr 01-03
5

Naturalne syntetyki

50%
Moore S. K.
Świat Nauki
|
1997
|
nr 04
20
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