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Subject and purpose of work: The purpose of the study is to present the perspectives of geotourism development in the porphyry quarry Gorce I, which is situated in the Wałbrzyskie mountains. Currently the exploitation of this quarry is suspended. Materials and methods: This work was written after studying the literature on this subject and conducting field research, during which terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) was used, among others. The material gathered during field research was used, among other things, to create a 3D model of the Gorce I quarry. Results: The research and analyses conducted in the porphyry quarry Gorce I allowed for designating a geotourist trail where information boards were placed. Conclusions: The research conducted in the Gorce I quarry confirms the possibility of utilizing this excavation pit for geotourism purposes.
The paper presents the influence of block ramp on system and morphological riverbed. One of twentyfive block ramp structures, located in the Porębianka River and situated in the central part of the cascade, was chosen for testing. In the observed section of the river, high morphological variability of the riverbed was observed in the years 2010–2011, caused by freshets. Additionally, in one period, the morphological changes were also caused by river training work, consisting in repairing block ramps of increased roughness, which were destroyed during the freshets, as well as damaging involvement with the riverbed. Despite the anthropogenic impact on the river channel, the research has shown that the morphology of the riverbed is returning to its natural structures, which are characteristic of the braided rivers. This confirms the thesis that the block ramps of increased roughness cause differentiation in river morphology, and restoration of the braided character of the channel. Therefore, we can conclude that river defends itself against damaging human activity. In addition, the paper describes the beginning of the movement of the debris, for the grain of boulder located in the Porębianka River, in the hydrodynamic conditions persisting during field measurement series. These conditions were based on Shields’ diagram and the graph showing the relationship of threshold shear stress for the given grain diameter of boulders.
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Information about second finding of Laricifomes officinalis (Batsch) Kotl. & Pouzar (Fomitopsidaceae) in the Gorce Mountains in the External Western Carpathians is given, and its legitimate and illegitimate selected synonyms are cited. This species in Poland is very rare and threatened.
Subject and purpose of work: The Gorce National Park (GNP) represents the object of the study. The purpose of the article is to present the GNP in the category of an area and in the category of an active managing unit. Materials and methods: Empirical research was conducted (2008-2014) based on the data collected from the GNP financial and accounting records and the Central Statistical Office. The degree of tourism function, carried out by the territorial municipalities connected with the GNP, was studied (Baretje and Defert index and Charvat index were calculated) and also the analysis of the GNP activities was conducted. Both the relevant literature query and the analysis of development strategies prepared by the territorial municipalities connected with the GNP were conducted. Results: It was found that the tourist function constitutes an important, however, not the primary function for the analysed municipalities, whereas the initiated activities (both on the part of municipalities and the GNP) indicate the desire for its intensification. The GNP has assets exceeding the value of PLN 17 million, offers jobs for the team whose total annual remuneration is almost PLN 2,5 million and the total annual costs for the last audited year amount to PLN 7,5 million. Conclusions: The described protected area constitutes the example of proper coexistence of human economic activity and nature. The GNP remains a significant entity of the local economic life scene which increases tourist attractiveness of the Gorce Mountains.
In June 1989, in the Gorce Mts (southern Poland) a nest of a highly polygynous Formica polyctena Foerst. colony was excavated and all the queens found there (128) were removed. An alien conspecific colony was experimentally established nearby, containing about 50 fecund queens. The orphaned workers invaded the queenright colony and abducted a lot of queens to their own nest.
Based on collections of P. Czarnota deposited in the GPN herbarium, 8 species of Rhizocarpon are reported from the Gorce Mountains. Two of them, R. lavatum and R. reductum are reported from the Gorce Mts for the first time, instead of erroneously determined R. obscuratum. This species was previously misinterpreted due to taxonomic and nomenclatoric uncertainties.
Formica sanguined Latr. occasionally takes wood ants as its slaves. Eleven nests of the former were experimentally provided with various amounts (10,000-250,000) of pupae of F. polyctena Foerst. or F. rufa L., and thus, mixed colonies with different proportions of slaves (29-96%) were obtained. The slaves destroyed the F. sanguinea colonies by eliminating their brood andqueen(s) (with no aggressiveness towards adult workers). The following year, even though F. sanguinea workers were still present, the slaves adopted young queens of their own species. Before their complete emancipation, the slaves fought on the side of the slavers during conflicts with conspecific ants, even against their former nestmates. Emancipation restored mutual comity between the ex-slaves and the unenslaved F. polyctena. At the same time, the ex-slavers lost their aggressiveness towards alien F. polyctena (but not vice versa). The mixed colonies were raided by foreign F. sanguinea. The studies were carried out in the Gorce Mts (the Western Carpathians) from 1987 to 1991.
The ants Formica polyctena Foerst., F. rufa L., hybrids F. rufa × F. polyctena, and F. pratensis Retz, from the Gorce Mts (the Western Carpathians; southern Poland) were characterized biometrically. Six morphological characters (pigmentation, size, pilosity) of workers were studied. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis were made for the data of 50 samples from wood ant colonies with different social organization and from various habitats (mainly F. polyctena and F. rufa spatially intermingling populations). The results are discussed in the context of taxonomic difficulties within the F. rufa group.
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wpływu regulacji technicznej na zmianę morfologii potoku Jamne. Jego koryto jeszcze z początkiem lat 70. pozostawało nieuregulowane i pozbawione było zabudowy hydrotechnicznej. W wyniku prac regulacyjnych na odcinku od 700 do 3640 m od ujścia długość potoku została zmniejszona o 180 m. W pracy zajęto się również zgodnością podjętych inicjatyw regulacji cieku z Ramową Dyrektywą Wodną. Zwrócono ponadto uwagę na problem nielegalnego poboru rumowiska z koryt potoków górskich i jego wpływu na degradację koryt. Tezą artykułu jest wykazanie nieprawidłowości użytego rodzaju regulacji technicznej, co wpłynęło bezpośrednio na zmianę procesów morfologicznych koryta cieku.
Otiorhynchus sulcatus (F.) is recorded from the Polish Carpathians for the first time. Others 23 weevil species are new to the fauna of four Carpathian mountain ranges. At present the fauna of the Gorce Mts. includes 272 weevil species, Pieniny Centralne Mts. - 320, Pieniny Spiskie Mts. - 222, and Polish part of Magura Spiska Mts. - 190.
New localities of thirteen rare or fairly rare staphylinid species are given. All of them are recorded from the Gorce Mts. for the first time.
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