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A checklist of literature records of the digenean parasites of macrourids from the world’s oceans is given. Where necessary annotations discussing the validity of the records are included. In addition, the records are listed under host. Tables summarising (I) the occurrence of parasites families, and (II) the geographical distribution of parasite species, are included. A figure illustrating the bathymetry of the parasite species is given. Information from 84 papers is summarised, in cluding records from 49 host-species and 13 genera. 68 identified species of adult worm, from 29 genera and 12 families and are reported. The most frequently reported families are the Lepocreadiidae, Derogenidae and Hemiuridae. The most frequently reported genus is Lepidapedon. Worms are reported from macrourids a depths between 150 and 7,000 m, with five identified species reported from the north-eastern Atlantic abyssal plain at a depth of about 4,850 m.
Amphipoda, Cumacea, and Macrura natantia constituted the basic food component of small eel-cod (< 20 cm). Average sized fish (20-30 cm) fed mostly on Macrura natantia and fish; big specimens (> 30 cm) consumed fish, Euphausiacea and Macrura natantia. Mean filling index decreased with increasing depth of catches, while percentage of “empty” stomachs increased.
The abundance of Muarenolepis marmoratus increases with depth. In December 1987 and January 1988 in bottom trawl catches prevailed 19-23-cm-long specimens, belonging to the age groups V and VI. Growth rate was expressed with use of von Bertalanffy′s growth equation with the parameters: L∞ = 48.21 cm; K = 0.1188; t0 = 0.1939 year.
Vitellogenesis and vitellocytes of the bothriocephalidean cestode Clestobothrium crassiceps (Rudolphi, 1819), a parasite of the teleost fish Merluccius merluccius (L., 1758), were studied by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cytochemistry. During vitellogenesis, four developmental stages were distinguished at the TEM level: (I) a stem cell stage of the gonial type; (II) an early differentiation stage, predominantly exhibiting lipid and protein synthetic activity; (III) an advanced differentiation or vitellocyte maturation stage, primarily exhibiting active glycogenesis still accompanied by an increase in lipid accumulation; and (IV) a mature vitellocyte stage. Vitellogenesis involves: (1) an increase in cell volume; (2) an extensive development of parallel, frequently concentrically arranged, cisternae of granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) that produce dense, proteinaceous shell-gobules; (3) the development of Golgi complexes engaged in the packaging of this material; (4) an accelerated accumulation of unsaturated and saturated lipid droplets, along with their continuous enlargement and fusion; (5) the formation of individual β-glycogen particles and α-glycogen rosettes and their accumulation in the form of glycogen islands scattered among lipid droplets in the cytoplasm of maturing and mature vitellocytes; and (6) the rapid accumulation of large, saturated lipid droplets accompanied by dense accumulations of α- and β-glycogen along with proteinaceous shell-globules or shell-globule clusters in the peripheral layer during the advanced stage of vitellocyte maturation. Vitellogenesis in C. crassiceps generally resembles that previously described for three other bothriocephalideans, but differs from that of other cestode orders. Cytochemical staining with periodic acid-thiocarbazide-silver proteinate for glycogen indicates a strongly positive reaction for β-glycogen particles and α-glycogen rosettes, which form several large glycogen accumulations around the large, saturated lipid droplets of maturing and mature vitellocytes. Some hypotheses concerning the interrelationships between patterns of vitellogenesis, the possible modes of egg formation, embryonic development and life cycles in cestodes, and their phylogenetic implications are commented upon.
Diclidophoroides maccallumi Price, 1943 and Neoheterobothrium paralichthyi sp. n. were collected from the gills of Urophysis brasiliensis (Gadiformes) and Paralichthys patagonicus (Pleuronectiformes) respectively in the southwestern Atlantic Ocean. The similarities and differences among the genera Neoheterobothrium Price, 1943, Choricotyle van Beneden et Hesse, 1863, Heterobothrium Cerfontaine, 1895 and Orbocotyle Euzet et Suriano, 1975 are discussed. The species and genera belonging to the family Diclidophoridae Cerfontaine, 1895 from the southwestern Atlantic Ocean are listed, and the distribution ranges of Diclidophoroides and Neoheterobothrium are extended to this region.
A new nematode species, Capillostrongyloides norvegica sp. n., is described from the stomach of the lotid marine fish Enchelyopus cimbrius (Linnaeus) (Lotidae, Gadiformes) from the coastal waters near Bergen, Norway. This is characterized mainly by its body size (body length of male and female 4.01-5.74 and 7.83-12.28 mm, respectively), number (32-41) and structure of the stichocytes, length of the spicule (0.273-0.366 mm), structure of the male caudal bursa (markedly large caudal membrane), structure and size of the eggs (size 0.063-0.075 x 0.027-0.033 mm), and by the presence of the conspicuously elevated anterior vulvar lip in females. This is the first Capillostrongyloides species reported from fishes in Europe. A key to Capillostrongyloides species is provided. Another capillariid, Capillaria gracilis (Bellingham, 1840), occurred in the rectum of E. cimbrius of the same locality (a new host record).
Four digenean species were found in fish of the species Macrourus holotrachys caught at the North Scotia Ridge, sub-Antarctic. Gibsonia hastata Gaevskaya et Rodyuk, 1988 and Lepidapedon lepidum Gaevskaya et Rodyuk, 1988 are redescribed and figured based on new material and reexaminations of the type-specimens. L. lepidum possesses uroproct and therefore is transferred into the genus Pąralepidapedon. Gonocerca phycidis Manter, 1925 and Lecithochirium sp. (probably unknown species) are briefly described and figured. M. holotrachys is a new host for all these parasites.
In total, 23 fishes caught at depth 625-1540 m were examined and 21 found to be infected with digeneans belonging to 6 species, 4 lepocreadiids in the intestine and 2 hemiuroids in the stomach. Three lepocreadiid species are described as new: Lepidapedon brayi sp. n., L. ninae sp. n. and Paralepidapedon awii sp. n. Some morphological data for other species are given. Postlepidapedon opisthobifurcatus (Zdzitowiecki, 1990) and Glomericirrus macrouri (Gaevskaya, 1975) are reported from the high Antarctic for the first time and in new hosts. Gonocerca phycidis Manter, 1925 is found in a new host. The total number of digenean species recorded in M. whitsoni increased from 2 to 8.
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