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In July 2013, symptoms of stem rot were observed in the Dracaena sanderiana cuttings in greenhouses of Mahallat County, Markazi Province, Iran. The symptoms first appeared as severe wilting. Later, leaves became brown and necrotic. Symptoms on the cuttings were observed as rotted areas on the middle of the stems. The cortical tissues of the plants showed a distinct brown discoloration. Eventually, the infected plants died. The pathogen was isolated from Dracaena stems and identified as F. solani by a fragment of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α) gene. Fusarium solani was confirmed by a pathogenicity test, and the causal agent was re-isolated from infected D. sanderiana plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of stem rot caused by F. solani on the cuttings of D. sanderiana.
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. psidii and F. solani, causal agents of wilt in guava are highly variable pathogens. This study was conducted on cultural and physiological (temperature and pH) characters. The data revealed that maximum mycelial growth was obtained in potato dextrose agar as semi-solid media i.e. 78.00 mm for F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii; 73. 83 mm for F. solani, while malt extract broth as liquid broth media i.e. 1 385 mg mycelia for F. oxysporum f. sp. psidii; 1491 mg for F. solani. Maximum sporulation was recorded in oatmeal agar and mycological broth. The optimum temperature and pH for growth of both Fusarium spp. isolates was 28°C and 5.5. The isolates differed in their colony growth; mycelial mass, macro-conidia, and micro-conidia produced. These variations were characters of each of the isolates with respect to cultural and physiological characters.
Nineteen isolates of Fusarium solani were recovered from crown and root rotted parts of cumin plants collected from the major cumin producing area in Iran during 1999-2000 using Nash-Snyder media. One hundred and fifty eight nit mutants of F. solani were generated using PDA amended with 3% and 5% potassium chlorate. Of the nit mutants generated, 47/7%, 26/6% and 25/9% were nit1, nit3 and nitM, respectively. Nit mutants were used to force heterokaryon formation to determine VCGs and their relation to pathogenecity and geographic origin. Fifteen VCGs were determined for F. solani isolates, that 12 were single members VCGs. There was no specific relation between VCGs and geographic origin in F. solani isolates. This is the first research on the genetic diversity of F. solani from cumin.
Seed dressing with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Paecilomyces lilacinus and Trichoderma koningii significantly (p<0.05) reduced infection of Macrophomina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium solani on cotton roots in pot experiments and in field. Combined use of P.aeruginosa strain CMG63 with T. koningii produced greater plant height and fresh weight of shoot in field as compared to CMG52 which showed better results in pot experiments.
This work was carried out during two successive seasons (2016 and 2017) on cucumber fruits from a plastic greenhouse and from open field cultivation in El Gharbeia and El Giza Governorates, Egypt. Isolation trials from spoilage fruit samples of plastic greenhouse cultivation recorded high frequency of Alternaria tenusinium, Fusarium spp. and Pleospora alli. The most common fungi of rotten cucumber fruits from an open field were Galactomyces spp. and Fusarium spp. Pathogenicity tests proved that, Fusarium solani from El-Gharbeia followed by A. tenusinium from El-Giza were the most frequent isolates responsible for rot of cucumber fruits from plastic greenhouse cultivation. Moreover, the most frequent isolates causing postharvest disease of cucumber fruits of the open field were Galactomyces candidium from El-Giza followed by Geotrichum sp. and F. fujikuroi from El-Gharbeia Governorates, respectively. This is the first report of several fungi causing postharvest fruit rot disease of cucumber i.e., G. candidium, Geotrichum sp., A. tenusinium, P. alli and Fusarium spp. (F. fujikuroi, F. verticiolides, F. solani, F. geraminearium and Fusarium incarnatum). Fungal isolates were identified according to cultural, morphological and molecular characterization based on sequencing of internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS1). All the ITS nucleotide sequences of fungi were applied and conserved in GenBank.
Fusarium spp. causes yellowing, corm rot, browning of foliage and wilting in gladiolus. It reduces the quality, yield and market value of gladiolus. This disease is caused by the Fusarium species; namely Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. gladioli, F. solani, F. moniliforme and F. roseum in gladiolus. F. oxysporum f. sp. gladioli (Massay) Snyder and Hansen is the most common and worldwide in distribution. The fungus can survive in soil indefinitely as mycelium, clamydospores, microconidia and macroconidia. Infected corms show tissue discoloration. The corms become softened, wrinkled and mummified in storage. Despite many attempts to control this disease, the problem is still important worldwide. The management practices generally em­ployed for its control include resistant cultivars, chemical applications, cultural prac­tices and biotechnological approaches. However, incorporation of integrated man­agement provides a better opportunity to manage this disease. In this review, the re­ports on the major progress made in management of Fusarium yellows in gladiolus species have been discussed.
Fusarium sp. has been shown to be a promising organism for enhanced production of xylanases. In the present study, xylanase production by 21 Fusarium sp. isolates (8 Fusarium culmorum, 4 Fusarium solani, 6 Fusarium verticillioides and 3 Fusarium equiseti) was evaluated under solid state fermentation (SSF). The fungal isolate Fusarium solani SYRN7 was the best xylanase producer among the tested isolates. The effects of some agriculture wastes (like wheat straw, wheat bran, beet pulp and cotton seed cake) and incubation period on xylanase production by F.solani were optimized. High xylanase production (1465.8 U/g) was observed in wheat bran after 96 h of incubation. Optimum pH and temperature for xylanase activity were found to be 5 and 50°C, respectively.
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