Influence of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (E.F. Smith) Snyder and Hansen on 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG) production in the rhizosphere of banana cultivar Rasthali by Pseudomonas fluorescens was investigated. The purified extracts of Pfm strain of P. fluorescens isolated from banana rhizosphere inhibited the growth and spore germination of F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense under laboratory conditions. DAPG extracted from the cultures of the strain was observed as distinct spots in thin layer chromatographic plates at Rf value of 0.88. The extracts of soil inoculated with P. fluorescens and challenge inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense eluted at retention time ranges from 20.00 min to 21.30 min. The quantity of DPAG production was less in the extracts of soil inoculated with P. fluorescens and challenge inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense as compared to P. fluorescens alone inoculated soil. The talc formulation of Pfm strain also reduced vascular discolouration due to the pathogen in banana plants when inoculated at 15 g/plant.
Wilt disease, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense (Foc), is one of the most important diseases of bananas. An Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy is a promising concept for controlling this disease. This concept must be supported with all suitable control techniques that can be compatibly and effectively utilized. Essential oils, which have been long recognized as having good fungus-toxic compounds, are a recommend technology which may be used to complete previous control techniques. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the antifungal activity of essential oils extracted from Cymbopogon nardus, Eugenia aromatica, Pogostemon calbin, and Vitiveria zizanoides against Foc. The experiment was conducted in the January-April time period of 2010, in the laboratory of the Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute, at room temperature. The result showed that the essential oils which had been tested were able to suppress Foc mycelial growth. Essential oil extracted from E. aromatica provided the strongest suppression of Foc mycelial growth, mainly when used at a volume of 9 and 18 pi. This result indicated that essential oil of E. aromatica had good potency and may be developed as a control agent against wilt disease of banana.
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