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The paper showed the applicability of the PCR method to an early identification of Fusarium avenaceum and Fusarium culmorum in infected tissues of selected crops. The polymerisation chain reaction used species-specific SCAR primers. There was observed a discrepancy between the size of multiplied DNA of Fusarium avenaceum fragment and that of Fa-U17f 5’, Fa-U17r earlier described by authors of primers. The present research product size for F. avenaceum was 950 bp, while for F. culmorum - 472 bp which confirmed the reports by other authors.
The pathogenicity of Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum and F. equiseti to thyme was examined in present work. Isolates of tested fungi originated from various herbs plants. The effect of Fusarium spp. post-culture liquids and water suspensions of Fusarium spp. spores on germination of thyme schizocarps was studied in the laboratory. The effect of Fusarium spp. on the shooting up and healthiness of seedlings was carried out in the climatic chamber conditions using the method with infested soil. It was shown, that harmfulness of F. avenaceum, F. culmorum and F. equiseti to thyme, regardless of the origins of fungi isolates, was expressed by inhibition of schizocarps germination and by limiting of seedlings numbers and their growth. The symptoms of infection were a necrosis of shoots and roots. Each of the three used methods of artificial infection of thyme secured direct contact of with the surface of schizocarps, shoots and roots of seedlings. However the method with Fusarium spp. post-culture liquids should be recommended to the fast estimation of Fusarium spp. pathogenicity to thyme on account of occurrence of toxins, which are produced by fungi.
Investigations were carried out in 1996-1998 in the experimental fields in Zamość region. The following ten lines of oats were tested: CHD 894, CHD 1095, CHD 1236, CHD 1607, CHD 1653, CHD 1692, STH 2293, STH 2393, STH 2494, STH 2694. The seedlings which showed symptoms of either root and sheath nectosis, or rolling stems ranged form 9 - 36 ad 9 - 70 % of all seedlings tested, respectively. Results of mycological analysis of seedlings showed that F. avenaceum and F. culmorum were most frequently represented on infected parts (43% ad 42% of all Flusarium spp. isolates respectively), and also they were the most frequently obtained trom stems wit h necrotic stripes (24 % and 46 % of all Fusarium spp., respectively). Apart from F. avenaceum and F. culmorum there was some F. crookwellense found every year on lower internodes.
Badano zmienność dynamiki wzrostu i sporulacji 12 izolatów należących do gatunków Fusarium culmorum, F. nivale (Microdochium nivale) i F. avenaceum. Wzrost grzybni przebiegał na trzech pożywkach (PDA, SNA i Czapek-Doxa). Zaobserwowano znaczne różnice w intensywności zarodnikowania, natomiast zróżnicowanie dynamiki wzrostu izolatów było niewielkie. Pożywką najlepiej różnicującą tę cechę okazała się SNA.
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Investigations on Fusarium head blight of rye were carried out in the years 2005-2007 on 10 production fields in the Lublin region. The percentage of heads showing the fusariosis symptoms in the years 2005-2007 ranged from 0 to 7%. Mycological analysis of kernels and chaff obtained from heads with Fusarium blight (scab) symptoms showed that Fusarium avenaceum, Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium sporotrichioides were the largest threat to heads of this cereal. The species of Fusarium poae and Fusarium crookwellense were also isolated from infected rye heads. The dominance of particular species in infecting rye heads was determined by weather conditions.
Photosensitization is based on the interaction of 2 completely non-toxic agents - a photosensitizer, accumulated in microorganisms, and visible light. This interaction induces radical-based cytotoxic reactions in the presence of oxygen. The photosensitization phenomenon is widely involved in the treatment of tumors in oncology, in curing arthritis and atherosclerosis. In this work, the possibility to inactivate pathogenic and harmful fungi by photosensitization is shown. A new treatment methodology is proposed on the basis of effective inactivation of the several micromycetes, such as Aspergillus flavus, Trichothecium roseum, Fusarium avenaceum, Rhizopus oryzae, by photosensitization.
Investigations were carried out in 1996-1998 on experimental plots sown with different oat cultivars and lines. Symptoms of the fusarium panicle blight developed on 0.5-15% of oat plants. Results of this studies showed that fusarium blight of oat panicles is widespraed in Lublin region. Fusarium avenaceum and F. poae proved to be the cause of the disease. Also F. culmorum, F. crookwellense, F. equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. sporotrichioides were isolated from infected panicles.
We identified a species level of the fungal cultures isolated from selected crop seeds using traditional method and BIO-PCR. The use of BIO-PCR did not correspond completely to the morphological analyses. Both methods showed increased infection with F. poae in winter wheat seed sample originated from north Poland. Fungal culture No 40 (isolated from faba bean and identified with traditional method as mixed culture with F. culmorum and F. graminearum) did not produce expected product after PCR reaction with species specific primers OPT18F₄₇₀ OPT18R₄₇₀ However, the use of additional primers Fc01F, Fc01R allowed for reliable identification of F. culmorum in the culture.
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