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The envelopes of oncospheres of a hymenolepidid tapeworm with an aquatic life cycle Fimbriaria czaplinskii, surrounding larvae inside the gravid part of the strobila, were examined under a transmission electron microscope. Details of the ultrastructure of the outer envelope and the inner envelope with its two derivatives: the embryophore and oncospheral membrane are described. The ultrastructural features of F. czaplinskii envelopes are compared and discussed with those described previously in the other hymenolepidids, and particularly with the related species Fimbriaria fasciolaris.
In subsequent co-infections of Sobolevicanthus gracilis and Fimbriaria czaplinskii an elimination of the majority of specimens of the first species by the next one has been found at the early stage of development. This did not depend on the fact, which species was the first. In concurrent control co-infections of larvae of both species mentioned above developed simultaneously and correctly. It seems to testify the existence of interspecific competition expressed by a peculiar sensibility of larvae at their early stages of development (3rd to 5th day post infection). The longer the larvae of the first species develop the fewer of them become eliminated by the next one.
Specimens previously identified as Fimbriaria fasciolaris or Fimbriaria sp. from Poland, Ukraine and the Czech Republic were re-examined. The revision revealed Fimbriaria czaplinskii from naturally-infected Anas platyrhynchos dom., Anas acuta and Aythya fuligula (new host records) in Poland, Tadorna tadorna from the Black Sea coast and Aythya ferina from the coast of the Sea of Azov, Ukraine (new host records), Anas platyrhynchos, Aythya fuligula and Aythya ferina (the latter two being new host records) from Moravia, Czech Republic (new geographical record). The diagnostic characters of F. czaplinskii are commented and updated from an original erroneous description. The most reliable distinguishing character is the structure of the copulatory part of the vagina, which is funnel-shaped and usually has smooth internal surface. The characters associated with the cirrus size and armament and the number of genital primordia per segment are not considered reliable differentiating characters. A lectotype and paralectotypes of F. czaplinskii are designated.
Comparative studies on the tegument of F. fasciolaris (Pallas, 1781) and F. czaplinskii Grytner-Zięcina, 1994, using transmission electron microscopy revealed in both species examined evident differences in the morphology of the tegument surface from various parts of the cestode body (scolex, pseudoscolex, strobila). Two categories of microtriches, characteristic for both studied fimbriariids, were found: (1) typical microtriches with a well developed basal part and an osmiophilic spine at the apex, present on the scolex and on the fan-like, polar side of the pseudoscolex, and (2) non-typical spineless microtriches, present on the small, aporal part of the pseudoscolex and on the whole surface of the strobila. The presence of numerous spiny microtriches on the pseudoscolex perhaps indicates an important role for the peculiar holdfast organ, in supporting the scolex in securing the attachment of fimbriariid cestodes in the host intestine. Details of the tegument ultrastructure of Fimbriaria species are described and compared with other cestodes, and their significance is discussed.
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