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Onchocerca jakutensis was noted inside nodules situated in subcutaneous connective tissue of red deer shot in forests of the region of Olsztyn and in the Lower-Silesian Forest. The paper contains a redescription of this species on the basis of materials from Poland and the Caucasus.
Basing on the fragments of typical specimens new details of morphology of O. lupi females are given. The presence of cuticular thickenings in the form of half rings, with the bifurcated or turned ends is stated. On the surface of cuticula of microfilariae there is very delicate regular transversal striation. The morphometrical features of O. lupi with descriptions of close species were compared.
In the years 1985-1988 in the Białowieża Forest and in the woods in the vicinity of Olsztyn, 130 deer, 136 roe-deer, 52 bisons and 40 cattle were subject to parasitological section. Seven species of tissue nematods of the superfamily Filarioidea were detected. Onchocerca jakutensis, O. garmsi and Cutifilaria wenki in deer, Dipetalonema rugosicauda in roe-deer, and Onchocerca lienalis and O. gutturosa in bison and cattle are first records of these species in Poland. The bison is a new host for O. lienalis and O. gutturosa, the roe-deer - for O. flexuosa.
Among the Dasypodidae (Xenarthra), 5 species are currently known to be hosts of Orihelia anticlava (Molin, 1858) in Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina. We gather all the information regarding taxonomy, morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of O. anticlava, in order to hypothesize on the origin and evolution of this filarioid which is parasitic in an interesting host group, Dasypodidae. An amount of 192 specimens of 9 species of dasypodids from Argentina was prospected. Chaetophractus villosus and Tolypeutes matacus were parasitized. Measurements are provided, and the area rugosa described. Uterine microfilariae of O. anticlava show a considerable range of sizes; length of blood microfilariae seem not to be affected by geography; and, blood microfilariae are bigger than uterine ones. Despite that this parasite occurs in different host species, adult worms studied so far were morphologically alike. Prevalence and mean intensity were: C. villosus 10.8% and 8.5, T. matacus 3.7% and 1. Taking into account the geographic distribution of the hosts and the phylogeny of the dasypodids, we suggest that O. anticlava could be more widespread than currently noticed and other genera of dasypodids, such as Cabassous, Chlamyphorus, and Zaedyus, could also be parasitized. We believe that central Argentina, Uruguay, southern and northeastern Brazil should be considered preferable prospecting areas.
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