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The level of polymorphism, genetic variability and relatedness of the Antarctic hairgrass Deschampsia antarctica Desv. Populations from South Shetlands Is. (King George I., Penguin I., Livingstone I.), from vicinity of Antarctic Peninsula (Galindez I., Uruguay I.), and Falklands Is. (Jason Is., Sealion I.) were studied using the AFLP approach. Six EcoRI/MseI type selective primer pairs combinations were used for AFLP profiling and amplified scoreable DNA fragments; than AMOVA and PCA were performed. The level of molecular variability among all individuals from all the analysed populations was low and reach only 5.4 % irrespective of the distance between the localities and it was not significant at a broader geographical scale, even among the three groups of populations (South Shetlands Is., vicinity of Antarctic Peninsula, and Falklands Is.). PCA analysis shows that all populations formed uniform groups according to their locations.
During a survey of the parasite fauna of the euryhaline notothenioid fish Eleginops maclovinus (Cuvier) caught in brackish water creeks in the Falkland Islands, small white cysts were observed in the mesenteries and on the surfaces of the visceral organs and heart. On dissection these proved to be plasmodia of a species of the myxosporean genus Henneguya. This is the first record of a member of this genus from a marine or euryhaline fish in the south-west Atlantic. A comparison of the spore of our species with other species in the genus convinced us that our species is new. This paper describes it as Henneguya shackletoni sp. nov. after the Shackleton Fund which funded the study.
Two new myxozoan species are described from the musculature of fish caught around the Falkland Islands. Kudoa ramsayi sp. n. was found in three of 23 specimens of the marine nototheniid fish Patagonotothen ramsayi (Regan). Its spores differ in size and shape from those of Kudoa alliaria Shulman et Kovaleva, previously reported from the same host. Myxobolus bartoni sp. n. was found in one of six specimens of the diadromous fish Galaxias maculatus (Jenyns). Although four species of the genus Myxobolus have been reported from fish of the genus Galaxias elsewhere, this is the first report of a Myxobolus from G. maculatus in the Falkland Islands. It differs from the other four species in spore morphometrics and internal structure. In addition, we propose the name Myxobolus olidus nom. nov. to replace M. galaxii Langdon, 1990, which is preoccupied by M. galaxii Szidat, 1953.
Four digenean species were found in fish of the species Macrourus holotrachys caught at the North Scotia Ridge, sub-Antarctic. Gibsonia hastata Gaevskaya et Rodyuk, 1988 and Lepidapedon lepidum Gaevskaya et Rodyuk, 1988 are redescribed and figured based on new material and reexaminations of the type-specimens. L. lepidum possesses uroproct and therefore is transferred into the genus Pąralepidapedon. Gonocerca phycidis Manter, 1925 and Lecithochirium sp. (probably unknown species) are briefly described and figured. M. holotrachys is a new host for all these parasites.
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