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The aim of the paper was to present the economic situation of farms in the countries of the EU at two different moments in time, and to attempt to assess changes in their situations in the considered period. Analyses were carried out on the basis of FADN data. The object of the study was the economic situation, including production potential, production and economic results and financial indicators. Based on selected characteristics, cluster analysis was performed for 2004 and 2013 and the economic situations of created typological groups was presented. It was found that in both the given years agriculture in the EU countries can be divided into several types. In the studied decade, convergence in the economic situation of farms in the EU was observed. Most Czech, Estonian, and Latvian entities benefited from this process.
There is a high and growing risk in agriculture, which makes choosing the right tool to support risk management in agriculture more urgent. Traditional agricultural production insurance is very expensive and often – as is the case in Poland – does not provide adequate coverage. Income insurance, which ensures more complex coverage, may be an alternative to it and, as there is no perfect correlation between the value of individual production types, may be off ered at a comparatively lower price. Based on 2004–2013 data from 4,590 Community Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) farms, it was proved that aggregate production insurance allows for a much lower insurance premium rate in relation to insurance of specific production types.
The aim of the study was to investigate and assess integration and logistic activities in dairy farms operating in the FADN regions of Mazovia and Podlasie. The study used primary data from studies conducted by the author in 2013 on a target group of 100 households. The investigated population of farms was divided in terms of the number of cows in the following groups of up to 10 cows (9 households), 11–20 cows (27 households), 21–30 cows (31 households), 31–40 cows (14 households) and above 40 cows (19 households). The study used the survey method using questionnaire interviews. The research shows that farmers most frequently collaborated on the joint use of equipment and supplies of agricultural inputs. In contrast, farmers in the study frequently sold products to processing companies or intermediaries.
In the paper, results of the analysis of the specialization level depending on the production orientation and economic size of farms of the Polish FADN have been presented Specialization was measured using the concentration index of sales structure. The analysis shows that types of farming delimitated in the FADN system as specialist have on average a higher specialization level. However, there are noticeable differences between specific farm types. Farms delimitated as specialist granivores, specialist horticulture and specialist permanent crops have a strongly concentrated sales structure, whilst specialist field crops and specialist grazing livestock farms are closer to mixed farms. Some irregularities in the farm specialisation level in relation to the economic size of farms have also been identified. Shortcomings of grouping the FADN farms based on SGM may cause a false recognition of farms as mixed or specialized.
Subject and purpose of work: The aim of the study is to assess the regional differentiation of the average level of farm income and to answer the question of whether during 2006-2014 there was a tendency towards convergence in this area. Materials and methods: The spatial scope of research included four FADN agricultural regions, whereas the time span covered the years 2006-2014. The numerical data used for the analyses were sourced from standard FADN results. The assessment of convergence was carried out using the coefficient of variation (sigma convergence) and the relative index of changes in the regions compared to the country (beta convergence). Results: The conducted research indicates the existence of regional disproportions in terms of average income level and average labour profitability on farms. The highest average income was achieved throughout all the years covered by research in the region of Pomerania and Masuria, and the lowest one in Lesser Poland and Carpathian Foothills. The research demonstrates that during 2006-2014 there was no convergence in the average level of income and average labour profitability of farms in the FADN regions. Conclusions: Convergence is a long-term process, so the research should be treated as an initial examination of the regional differentiation of the income situation of farms.
Efficiency of farm assets is a very important factor of competitive production. It could be in strong correlation with profitability of economic activities. One of the most important factor of the farm assets is the fixed assets, and as a part of it, the equipment as well. An important factor of the farm asset value is the machinery, which depends on the amount of internal resources of farms and external financial resources i.e. governmental subsidies, bank loans. But, as it could be observed during the 1980s and 1990s on the farms of developed countries, the technical development was also a considerable factor of farming. This paper, based on the data of the FADN, and yearbooks of the HCSO, focuses on the investigation of some figures of the European Union for capital efficiency between 1989 and 2004, and compares these experiences with the Hungarian changes on the farms during the 1990s.
The aim of this research was to present the role and significance of financing with equity capital on individual farms in Poland. The research was carried out with the use of an interviewer questionnaire on a group of 100 farmers running individual farms as well as keeping the agricultural accounts in the FADN system. The research was conducted in the Mazowsze. Limitation of financing of the operational and investment activity only to the equity capital, in the opinion of farmers, contributes to less dynamic development of agricultural production due to a lack of sufficient equity resources for the purchase of machines and devices. The farmers included no requirements concerning warranties and guarantees in the situation of financing with a loan as the most significant advantages of financing with equity capital. Most farmers allocated the saved financial surplus to current or planned investments, assessing such financial strategy as the average level of risk. Such approach to self-financing of the activity was assessed by farmers as average in the context of the effectiveness of using equity capital.
I have made examinations for the period of 1989-2005 in order to give an overall evaluation on the profitability questions of agriculture in the European Union. It was a priority during the research to evaluate the situation of the Hungarian farms. It was explored that the average profitability of farms increased dynamically in the 12/15 EU countries during the examined period. It Was proved that the engine of growth was the farm concentration implemented in the meantime, and the economically adequate technical development, which could gain ground. The research reported about significant differences concerning the average productivity and profitability of economies of former member countries and new members integrated in 2004. The outcomes of the Hungarian farms according to farm type and size, are basically rather poor, compared both to EU-25 and countries with similar agricultural qualities. Considering the results, the role of subsidies in income should be stressed in case of new and former member countries. It is undoubted, however, that in case of new ones, the subsidy-dependence is greater.
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