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Demodex melesinus (Acariformes: Demodecidae) — the forgotten European badger parasite, rediscovered after 100 years

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Izdebska J. N., Cierocka K., Rolbiecki L., Kozina P., Kolodziej-Sobocinska M.
Acta Parasitologica
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2018
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tom 63
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nr 4
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Variations in scent-marking behaviour od European badgers Meles meles in the vicinity of their setts

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Buesching C. D., Macdonald D. W.
Acta Theriologica
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2004
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tom 49
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nr 2
For European badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758), the importance of olfactory signals located at home-range borders in the context of territoriality has been widely accepted. Badgers, however, also scent mark far from their borders, often in the vicinity of their communal sett. Little is known about the significance of these marks in intra- -specific communication. Here, we investigated the patterns of object-marking with subcaudal gland secretions close to the sett. Using remote-controlled, battery-powered infra-red video equipment, we recorded 442 incidences of object-marking between April 1996 and June 1997. The frequency of object marking varied significantly in relation to season, sex, age and reproductive status. In both sexes, relative object-marking rates were highest during the mating season, when individuals m reproductive condition marked significantly more often than non-reproductive animals. During the cub- -rearing season females marked at a significantly higher rate than males, and in both sexes adults scent-marked significantly more frequently than younger individuals. Approximately 30% of all scent-marks received an over-mark within 24 h of their deposit. In males over-marking behaviour was recorded only during the mating season, whereas females over-marked in all seasons at equal rates. Overall, our results suggest that in addition to their territorial functions, subcaudal scent-marks also serve as individual-specific advertisement signals directed at other group-members.
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Seasonal and spatial pattern of shelter use by badgers Meles meles in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland)

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Kowalczyk R., Zalewski A., Jedrzejewska B.
Acta Theriologica
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2004
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tom 49
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nr 1
In 1997-2001, we investigated the use of day-time shelters by radio-collared badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, eastern Poland. Each social group of badgers utilised, on average, 9 different shelters per territory (range: 4-20). The main setts, occupied for breeding and winter sleep, were also most frequently used for day-time rest throughout the year (73% of days). Badgers living in the pristine oldgrowth stands utilised larger number of shelters and spent more days in hollow trees (mainly lime Tilia cordata), compared to badgers inhabiting younger secondary tree stands. Number of shelters used by individuals varied between seasons and depended on sex and age of animals. In summer, badgers used more shelters than in spring and autumn. In winter, they stayed in their main setts only. Adult males occupied more shelters and spent fewer days in the main sett than other badgers. In spring, females rearing young used only the main setts. The average underground space used by badgers within the main sett was 128 m2. It was largest in summer and smallest in winter, and also varied between males and females. We proposed that, in a low-density population, badgers used several setts and other daily shelters to reduce energy expenditure when exploring their large territories and foraging. Furthermore, setts may play a role of marking sites. Analysis of the biogeographical pattern of sett use by European badgers showed that the number of setts used by social groups increased with increasing territory size, whereas the density of setts (n setts/km2) was negatively correlated with territory size. We proposed that different factors could shape the utilisation of setts by badgers in low- and high-density populations.
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New data on the prevalence of Trichodectes melis (Phthiraptera, Trichodectidae) on the European badger Meles meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae)

80%
Kozina P., Golcz A., Izdebska J. N.
Annals of Parasitology
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2014
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tom 60
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nr 4
Trichodectes melis is a specific ectoparasite of the European badger Meles meles. Distribution of this chewing louse is little known, although presumably it coincides with the range of its typical host. In Poland, it has been found in only a few stands in the western part of the country. It has recently been observed in the area of the Białowieża Primeval Forest, where 81 specimens of T. melis (48 females, 7 males and 26 nymph forms) were collected from two female European badgers, mainly from the fur of the head area. No symptoms of infestation were observed.
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Badger Meles meles sett site selection in low density Mediterranean areas of central Spain

80%
Virgos E., Casanovas J. G.
Acta Theriologica
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1999
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tom 44
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nr 2
We studied the habitat selection of badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in a mountainous area of central Spain through badger sett location, in relation to a series of variables related to the micro and macrohabitat structure considered potentially important for habitat requirements (food and shelter) were choosen. The analysis was carried out using the Savage index (W) for use/availability data, Badgers in this area prefer mid-elevation mountain areas, where both dehesas (open woods with pastures) and pine forests prevail. Lower elevation areas were avoided, Badgers are associated with watercourses, but we found, no significant differences for distance to villages or for roughness. Badgers preferred trees and rock covered areas, which provided shelter places. Badger conservation in Mediterranean mountains requires mosaic habitats (dehesas). The low density that has been found could be due both to human factors (eg persecution and habitat loss) and to a probable low suitability value of Mediterranean environ­ments for the badger. Department of Animal Biology I (Vertebrate Zoology), Faculty of Biological Sciences.
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