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Characterization of fatty acid composition in Eurasian badger [Meles meles]

100%

Zalewski K., Martysiak-Zurowska D., Iwaniuk M., Nitkiewicz B., Stolyhwo A.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2007

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tom 16

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nr 4

645-650

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs, LA and ALA) are not synthesized in mammals in the absence of their essential fatty acid precursors. However, hibernating animals and animals sleeping through the winter need sufficiently high amounts of these acids. The Eurasian badger does not hibernate, but sleeps over winter. In the autumn the body weight of adult badgers increases even twofold, since they put on fat before the winter. Fat is deposited primarily in the subcutaneous layer of adipose tissue, and much less commonly in the muscles, liver and around the intestines. The percentage composition of fatty acids (Saturated fatty acids-SFAs, monounsaturated fatty acids-MUFAs, PUFAs) is different in particular types of tissue. The lipids isolated from depot adipose tissues (suet, subcutaneous, perirenal, periintestinal fat) are dominated by monounsaturated fatty acids (on average 41.25%), followed by saturated fatty acids (33.53%). Polyunsaturated FAs have the lowest proportion in this groups of tissues, on average 17.75% of total FAs. On the other hand, liver lipids contain over 44% PUFAs. The fatty acid composition of lipids in badgers tissue includes considerable quantities of essential unsaturated n-6 and n-3 fatty acids of great pharmacological significance.

2

Changes in the behaviour of a male Eurasian badger: evidence in favour of the anti-kleptogamy hypothesis?

100%

Revilla E., Palomares F.

Acta Theriologica

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1999

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tom 44

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nr 4

We report a case of male badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) territorial expansion after the removal, by poaching activity, of a neighbouring male in an area of low badger density. The most plausible reason for the behaviour of this male is the gaining of the access to the females of the adjacent territory because: the male spent approximately half of his active time inside the new area, made a similar effort as the previous male in sleeping together with the new breeding female and did not use the summer-autumn feeding areas of the taken range. While considering that data have come from only one animal, it is discussed the key importance of female access against food resources and shelter when explaining male badger spatial behaviour, at least in low density populations.

3

Observations of badgers’ (Meles meles) behaviour near the sett in Stobrawa Landscape Park (South – Western Poland)

84%

Kochan J., Kruszynski W., Kopij G.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Veterinary Medicine

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2011

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tom 14

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nr 2

4

Food digestibility of an Eurasian badger Meles meles with special reference to the Mediterranean region

84%

Rosalino L. M., Loureiro F., Macdonald D. W., Santos-Reis M.

Acta Theriologica

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2003

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tom 48

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nr 2

Feeding trials were carried out with a captive adult badger Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) to establish relationships (digestibility coefficients) between the biomass of freshly consumed food and the dry undigested remnants recovered from scats (bone, teeth, hair, feathers, exoskeleton parts, seeds, etc). The foods studied were those revealed by our research to be the principal components of badger diet in a Mediterranean environment, and the values of the digestibility coefficients (DC) were: 24.74 for rabbits Oryctolagus cuniculus, 21.72 for rodents, 19.81 for pigeons Columba sp., 99.50 for amphibians, 32.35 for arthropods imago, 44.39 for insect larvae, 18.45 for earthworms Lumbricus rubellus, 2.75 for acorns Quercus sp., 9.19 for arbutus Arbutus unedo, 12.25 for blackberries Rubus ulmifolius, 46.12 for figs Ficus carica, 34.87 for loquats Eriobotrya japonica, 10.94 for olives Olea europaea, and 12.02 for pears Pyrus bourgaeana. The variability of DC values was measured, and attributed to the heterogeneity of constituents of the selected food types. There was no statistically significant correlation between the average weight of consumed food and the digestibility coefficients, confirming the expectation that such coefficients must be derived empirically for each food type.

5

Use of human buildings by Eurasian badgers in the Moravskoslezske Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic

84%

Pavlacik L., Literak I., Klimes J., Bojkova M.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 4

An inspection of human buildings used by Eurasian badgersMeles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) in 28 sites in the Moravskoslezské Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic, was carried out in 2001. The buildings inhabited or visited by badgers were as follows: wooden barns (18 cases), masonry buildings used for residential purposes (4), abandoned buildings (1), wooden sheds (2), wooden beehouses (2) and a non-residential part of a house (1). In three sites, female badgers with their cubs inhabited buildings. Badgers use the buildings more frequently in winter than in summer. Use of human buildings and the occurrence of badgers in setts in the wild in these mountains was observed in detail on a study area of 950 ha around the village of Lubno. In total, 12 setts were discovered. Eight of them were in the wild: two setts were located closer than 50 m, five between 100 m and 300 m, and one 700 m from human buildings. In four sites badgers inhabited human buildings.

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Vigilance in badgers Meles meles: the effects of group size and human persecution

84%

Tuyttens F. A. M., Stapley N., Stewart P. D., Macdonald D. W.

Acta Theriologica

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2001

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tom 46

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nr 1

Potential costs to badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) of living in groups may be offset by the ability of a group to either improve predator detection, or reduce the time each individual must be vigilant to attain a certain likelihood of predator detection. Using an infra-red video-surveillance system, we show that badgers emerge later from their dens in a population that has been repeatedly subjected to lethal control by humans as compared to badgers from a nearby, undisturbed population. We further illustrate that, despite the apparent lack of a visual or vocal alarm signal to alert group members to a threat, corporate vigilance increases and individual vigilance levels decrease as badgers aggregate in groups (up to 4). These results highlight the possibility that the role of (human) predation in badger social evolution has not been sufficiently considered.

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Badger density and distribution of setts in Bialowieza Primeval Forest [Poland and Belarus] compared to other Eurasian populations

67%

Kowalczyk R., Bunevich A. N., Jedrzejewska B.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 3

Distribution and occupancy of setts by badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) were surveyed in Białowieża Primeval Forest (1450 km ), one of the best preserved temperate lowland forests in Europe, in 1946-1961 and 1979-1999. In the Belarussian part of BPF in 1946-1951, badger density was estimated as 0.33 setts and 1.27 individuals/10 km . After predator control in the late 1950s, the number of active setts decreased to 0.09/10 km2 in 1961. Since the 1970s, badger population has been recovering; in 1979-1999, it averaged 0.16 setts and 0.61 ind/10 km . In Lhe Polish part of BPF, where badgers were not hunted, the densities in 1996-1999 were estimated as 0.41 setts and 1.57 ind/10 kra . I n the whole BPF, badger main setts were spaced regularly, with the nearest neighbour distance between active setts varying from 2.2 to 13.3 km (mean = 5.3 km, SD = 2.1). Surveys of 21 main setts during 1979-1999 (totally 171 sett-years) revealed that badgers occupied the setts in 68.4% of cases, raccoon dogs Nyctereules procyonoides in 12.9%, and red foxes Vulpes vulpes in 7%. Joint utilisation of the same setts by badgers and raccoon dogs was recorded in 5.3% of cases. Reviewing the literature on badger densities in 35 localities in the Palaeartic region showed that badgers attained rather high densities on the British Isles (14.9 setts/10 km , range 1.1-45.5; and 93.8 ind/10 km , range 8.6-307.0) compared to continental Eurasia (1.7 setts/10 km2, range 0.4-6.5; and 6.3 ind/10 km2, range 1.6-15.2). The number of badgers inhabiting a sett increased with log density of setts. Densities of badger setts did not depend on latitude but were negatively correlated with forest cover (p = 0.22, p - 0.008). We proposed that the biological mechanism behind this relationship was the higher biomass and availability of earthworms in open pastures and grasslands than in forests.

Ograniczanie wyników

Characterization of fatty acid composition in Eurasian badger [Meles meles]

Changes in the behaviour of a male Eurasian badger: evidence in favour of the anti-kleptogamy hypothesis?

Observations of badgers’ (Meles meles) behaviour near the sett in Stobrawa Landscape Park (South – Western Poland)

Food digestibility of an Eurasian badger Meles meles with special reference to the Mediterranean region

Use of human buildings by Eurasian badgers in the Moravskoslezske Beskydy Mountains, Czech Republic

Vigilance in badgers Meles meles: the effects of group size and human persecution

Badger density and distribution of setts in Bialowieza Primeval Forest [Poland and Belarus] compared to other Eurasian populations