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Antibiotic resistance of 114 strains of the Enterobacteriaceae family bacteria isolated from vegetables, originating from retail, was investigated in the study. The highest number of the strains isolated were resistant to ampicilin (81.9%), whereas a lower number of the strains exhibited resistance to the following antibiotics: neomycin (29.3%), streptomycin (28.4%), rifampicin (21.5%), chloramphenicol (19.8%), colistin (12.9%), and nitrofurantoin (11.%). All the isolated strains appeared to be susceptible to vancomycin, kanamycin, doxycyclin, nalidixic acid and gentamycin.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2010
|
tom 66
|
nr 08
s.551-554,tab.,bibliogr.
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae and Escherichia coli in selected dairy products on the Warsaw market. Based on the presence or absence of these bacteria the hygienic quality of products was evaluated, and thus the effectiveness of the implementation of the principles of the HACCP system in force in the dairy industry plants and the regularity of the proceedings of the products on the market. Sixty-eight different dairy products were examined: fluid milk, homogenized cheeses, ripened rennet cheeses, cottage cheese type, quark cheeses, yoghurt, kefir, cream, and others. The number of Enterobacteriaceae and the MPN of E. coli were determined according to the PN-ISO 21528-1 norm. 15% of dairy products samples contained Enterobacteriaceae, and 4% of dairy products samples contained E. coli. The occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae in 33% of the fluid milk samples was observed, a level of more than 1 × 10³ in 1 mL. E. coli was not found in 10 mL samples. The highest percentage of samples containing Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli has been discovered in cheeses (quark cheeses, ripened rennet cheeses, cottage cheese type, homogenized), respectively 18% and 11%. The occurrence of Enterobacteriaceae in 14% of sheep cheeses was observed, but no sheep cheese samples contained E. coli. Of the respondent fermented milk drinks, Enterobacteriaceae occurred in only 2 samples of buttermilk. Yoghurt, kefir, cream, and sour milk does not contain Enterobacteriaceae and E. coli in 10 g. The obtained results prove that the currently stricter microbiological requirements implemented towards dairy products have contributed to the improvement in their hygienic quality.
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative bacterium and the causative agent of enteric septicemia of catfish. In this study, we examined the expression and function of the LuxS from a pathogenic E. ictaluri strain, J901. J901 was found to produce autoinducer 2 (AI-2) activity that maximized at mid-logarithmic phase and was enhanced by glucose and repressed by high temperature. Consistently, a luxS gene (luxSEi) was identified in J901, whose expression was regulated by cell density, glucose, and temperature in a manner similar to that observed with AI-2 activity. Further analysis showed that LuxSEi is a biologically active AI-2 synthase that was able to complement the luxS-defective phenotype of Escherichia coli DH5. To examine the functional importance of LuxSEi, a genetically modified variant of J901, J901Ri, was constructed, in which luxSEi expression was blocked by RNA interference. Compared to the wild type, J901Ri was (i) reduced in AI-2 activity to a level of 59% of that of the wild type; (ii) impaired in both planktonic and biofilm growth; (iii) significantly attenuated in the ability to infect cultured fish cells and to cause mortality in infected fish; (iv) unable to induce the expression of certain virulence-associated genes. Addition of exogenous AI-2 failed to rescue the growth defect of J901Ri as free-living cells but restored biofilm production and the expression of virulence genes to levels comparable to those of the wild type. Taken together, these results indicate that LuxSEi is a functional AI-2 synthase that is required for optimal cellular growth and host infection.
The aim of this study was to analyse the susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from food to antibiotics used in human therapy. The tests were conducted on 433 samples of raw and processed meat intended for sale. A total of 114 strains belonging to Enterobacteriaceae were isolated by the classical bacteriological technique. Escherichia, Klebsiella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Proteus, Hafnia, Citrobacter, Salmonella and Shigella were cultured from samples of beef, pork, poultry and ready-made meat products. Antibiotic susceptibility was tested by the mean of E-tests for the following antibiotics: piperacillin, piperacillin with tazobactam, cefotaxime, cefuroxime, imipenem, ceftazidime, gentamycin, tobramycin, ciprofloxacin and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole. Over 37% of the strains isolated were resistant to some of these antibiotics, and 34% showed resistance to at least 2 of them. Resistance was observed most frequently to cephalosporins, penicillins and trimethoprim with sulfamethoxazole, which may suggest that these antibiotics are used excessively in veterinary medicine.
Sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents of 57 strains of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from different food products was examined. Significant differences of sensitivity in particular chemotherapeutic agents were found. The largest number of strains was resistant to penicillin (94.7% of all isolated strains). The percentage of strains resistant to trimethoprim was 63.2%, rifampicin - 56%, sulfamethoxazole - 47.4%, ampicillin - 42.1% and erythromycin - 38.6%. Lower percentages of strains were resistant to nitrofurantoin (26.3%), carbenicillin (22.8%), chloramphenicol (14%), oxytetracycline (12.3%), doxycycline and biseptol (10.5%), colistyn (8.8%). The resistance to neomycin, nalidixic acid and gentamycin was to not detected among the isolated strains.
W biologicznych badaniach lipopolisacharydów (LPS), aktywność powszechnie wyrażana jest w jednostkach masy, bez uwzględnienia przeliczników molowych. Jest to szczególnie ważne przy porównywaniu preparatów różniących się długością łańcucha cukrowego i co się z tym wiąże, średnią zawartością lipidu A w cząsteczce, będącego aktywnym centrum endotoksyny. Zastosowanie ekwimolarnych dawek LPS pozwoliłoby na określenie wpływu zarówno wielkości jak i struktury części wielocukrowej na aktywność całego polimeru.
The structures and serological activities of core oligosaccharide of Hafnia alvei strains have been investigated. Methylation analysis, NMR spectroscopy and various specific degradation procedures were the principal methods used. It is concluded that, core hexasaccharides are identical in the lipopolysaccharides tested and are built of two glucose, three heptose and one 2-keto-3-deoxyoctulosonic acid residues. The antiserum raised against the ATCC13337oligosaccharide core-tetanus toxoid conjugate cross-reacted strongly with all lipopolysaccharides used as antigens in ELISA test, suggesting that this core region is the common structure in the Hafnia genus.
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