The effect of the subclones of M.9 (M.9 T 337, Pajam 1, RN 29) and the subclones of P 22 (P 22/K, P 22/A, P 22/J), and some of the new Polish rootstocks (P 59, P 60, P 61 and P 62) on the growth and yield of 'Jonagold', 'Ligol' and 'Gala' apple trees was studied in a field experiment over a period of 10 years. The growth vigour of these cultivars on the M.9 subclones was similar to that observed on the standard rootstock M.9 EMLA and among the subclones of P 22, and was similar to those for the standard P 22. Trees of 'Jonagold' grafted on the new Polish rootstock P 62 were significantly less vigorous than those on M.9 EMLA. Trees grafted on P 61 were significantly smaller than the standard trees on P 22. The smallest trees of the tested cultivars were obtained on P 59. In the group of semi-dwarfing rootstocks, the smallest trees were on P 60 and the largest on P 14. The cumulative yields of tested cultivars on the subclones of M.9 were similar to that on standard rootstocks of M.9 EMLA. The cumulative yields of tested cultivars on subclones of P 22 were similar to standard P 22. In the semi-dwarfing group, the highest yields for 'Jonagold' and 'Gala' trees were on P 60 and for 'Ligol' trees on P 14. The values of the yield efficiency index for the subclones of M.9 and new rootstock P 62 were similar to those for M.9 EMLA. Among the subclones of P 22 and new rootstock P 61, the values of this index were similar to those for the standard P 22 rootstocks. The highest yield efficiency index among the semi-dwarfing rootstocks was obtained for P 60. The tested subclones of M.9 and P 22 and new rootstocks P 61 and P 62 produced no significant effect on the size, weight and colouring of apples, with the exception of 'Jonagold' and 'Gala' trees growing on P 59. In 2004, the apples on this rootstock were significantly smaller.
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