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Monospecific rugosan assemblage from the Emsian hydrothermal vents of Morocco

100%
Berkowski B.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2004
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tom 49
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nr 1
Unique monospecific assemblages of small, solitary, nondissepimented rugose corals from the Devonian deep−sea hydrothermal venting systems of the Hamar Laghdad (Anti−Atlas, Morocco) are described. Assemblages of numerous rugosans (coral meadows) have been found around the outlets of venting channels irregularly forked within the Emsian mud mound sediments. The majority of rugose corals, which settled around vents, reveal a bizarre pattern of growth called here “calice−in calice”. The phenomenon of “calice−in−calice” growth is related to selective survival of coral larvae i.e. it is postulated that the larvae, which settled within the calices of dead individuals were more successful in their development than those that settled elsewhere. They probably use empty calices as shelters against the physical (hot or poisoning fluids) or biological (predators) factors. The empty calices also provided a hard surface for attachment. The presence of numerous carapaces of ostracods within the calices of dead rugosans suggests a strong trophic relation between corals and ostracods, which lived around hydrothermal vents. The new genus and species Hamarophyllum belkai is proposed.
2
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Lower Devonian [Emisian] rugose corals from the Cantabrian Mountains, Northern Spain

100%
Schroder S., Soto F.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2003
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tom 48
|
nr 4
Two species of Lower Devonian rugose corals are described from the Cantabrian Mountains of Spain: Cantabriastraea cantabrica gen. et sp. nov. and Tabulophyllum bonarense sp. nov. The development of rootor buffer−like attachment structures (“rhizoid processes”) in T. bonarense indicates adaption to the soft substrate and supports corallite stabilisation. Because of their strongly everted calices and a corresponding arrangement of trabeculae, the colonies of the genus Cantabriastraea are assigned tentatively to the Paradisphyllinae, constituting the first record of the subfamily in Western Europe. Some specimens give information on colony−formation of this taxon, which is induced by strong lateral budding (nonparricidal increase) of a remarkable large and long−lasting protocorallite.
3
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Soft-tissue attachments in orthocerid and bactritid cephalopods from the Early and Middle Devonian of Germany and Morocco

100%
Kroger B., Klug C., Mapes R.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
|
2005
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tom 50
|
nr 2
In the Early to Middle Devonian shale sequences of Germany and Morocco, pyritised and secondarily limonitised cephalopod remains are common. Details of the soft−tissue attachment structures are sometimes preserved on the internal moulds of the body chamber and phragmocone of these cephalopods. Some of the studied Orthocerida show a very faint annular elevation and a dorsal furrow. A few Bactritida show a distinctive annular elevation with two circular bands. The bands form a paired or threefold lobe at the dorsum of the shell. Morphological differences between Orthocerida and Bactritida suggest different soft part morphologies. A comparison of the attachment scars shows that the Bactritida are intermediate between the Orthocerida and ammonoids with regard to their muscle attachment scars. The shape of the muscle scars are interpreted as indication for a planktonic lifestyle in Orthocerida and a comparatively active, nektonic lifestyle in Bactritida and ammonoids. The new genus Acanthomichelinoceras is erected. Acanthomichelinoceras commutatum, Cycloceras sp., Bactrites gracile, Bactrites sp. A, Bactrites sp. B, and Bactrites sp. C are described.
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