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The rare earth elements are increasingly being used as trace supplements in different fields. In this study, subcellular distribution, the chemical forms and toxicity of cerium (Ce) were evaluated for Elodea canadensis. The effect of Ce (5–20 mg L⁻¹) applied for 7 days was assessed by measuring changes in the nutrient elements, photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde and antioxidant systems. Ce accumulation was greatest in the cell walls, followed by the organelles and the soluble fraction. Ce levels were higher in cellulose and pectin than in other biomacromolecules. The toxic effects caused by Ce were shown by a reduction in photosynthetic pigments, disruption of nutrient elements, and increases in MDA content. E. canadensis shows Ce-induced oxidative stress by modulating antioxidant enzymes, such as guaiacol peroxidase and catalase. Elevated Ce levels may represent a potential risk for aquatic ecosystems.
The aim of the study was to test the efficiency of aquatic vegetation to assimilate heavy metals and allow biological epuration in a stormwater basin. Through a periodical collection of water, sediments and macrophytes, a decrease of heavy metals concentrations was investigated from the inlet to the outlet of the basin. No evidence of metal reduction was noticed in the waters due to a general low level of heavy metals. However, accumulation of metals is greater in the sediments and decrease from the inlet to the outlet (47% reduction for Cd, 30% reduction for Pb, 75% reduction for Zn). Some specific organs of macrophytes accumulate heavy metals in various concentrations : Elodea canadensis (all organs merged) and crowns of Glyceria maxima, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Scirpus lacustris, Typha latifolia contain the highest concentrations in Cd, Pb and Zn.
A laboratory flume experiment was carried out with use of the selected species of aquatic plants, namely elodea canadensis. The measurements were carried out taking into account the changing depths, slope and vegetation density and their influence on the velocity distributions and the channel flow capacity was analyzed.
Plant fragments are commonly noticed in a wide range of freshwater environments. However, data on their further growth remain very scarce. The post-fragmentation growth of Elodea canadensis was analysed in a laboratory experiment in which plants were exposed to different light conditions ranging from 3 to 30 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹. The growth of whole plants (12cm) and fragmented (cut) shoots (apical fragment of 3 cm and middle and lower fragments of 4 and 5 cm respectively) was analysed over 33 days (with measurements of weight and length after 11, 21 and 33 days). In all light treatments both cut and whole plants grew. The growth rates were found to vary greatly over the exposure period. During the first 11 days, whole plants or the fragments thereof exhibited the greatest increases in biomass and length in all light treatments. Following further exposure under no shade and moderate shade, the growth of all plants, although still significant, was visibly more limited. Under conditions of a 90% shade level, 11 days of exposure left both whole and cut plants still alive, but incapable of any further significant increase in length or biomass. Generally, in high light levels cut plants grew more intensively, while in conditions of the most intensive (90%) shade, no differences in growth of these groups of plants were noted or the growth of cut plants was limited to a greater extent. A greater number of new lateral shoots were noted in cut plants than in whole plants. Even in conditions of low light characterized by the poor growth of plant fragments the production of new shoots was still possible. In general, fragments of Elodea canadensis were found to be very efficient at surviving and regenerating under a wide range of light conditions.
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