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Diversity and occupancy of small carnivores within oil palm plantations in central Sumatra, Indonesia

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Jennings A. P., Naim M., Advento A. D., Aryawan A. A. K., Ps S., Caliman J.-P., Verwilghen A., Veron G.
Acta Theriologica
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2015
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tom 60
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nr 2
In Southeast Asia, the conversion of native forests to oil palm plantations threatens tropical biodiversity, but very little is known about the impacts of oil palm cultivation on small carnivore species. To determine the diversity and occupancy of small carnivores within oil palm plantations and to investigate possible factors that might affect their presence within oil palm, we used camera-traps within two oil palm plantations in central Sumatra, analysed the data using occupancy modelling and tested whether two covariates (distance to the edge of the oil palm habitat and distance from extensive areas of lowland forest) affected the model parameters for each small carnivore species. From 3164 camera-trap days, we detected only three small carnivores: leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis), common palm civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus) and Malay civet (Viverra tangalunga), which indicates that there was a low diversity of small carnivores within the oil palm plantations. Both the leopard cat and common palm civet were found deep within the oil palm, whereas the Malay civet was only detected near the edge in one of the plantations. The leopard cat and common palm civet had very high occupancy values, whereas the Malay civet had low values for both occupancy and detection probability. Neither covariate affected occupancy of the leopard cat and common palm civet, but distance from the edge of the oil palm habitat did influence their detection probabilities. Malay civet occupancy decreased with distance from the oil palm edge, and detection probability was affected by distance from extensive areas of lowland forest. Forests and rest/den site availability are suggested to be important features for small carnivores with oil palm-dominated landscapes.
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Continuous consumption of reused palm oil induced hepatic injury, depletion of glutathione stores, and modulation of cytochrome P450 profiles in mice

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Chatuphonprasert W., Sriset Y., Jarukamjorn K.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
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2019
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tom 69
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nr 1
Cooking oil deteriorates with repeated thermal exposure, resulting in appearance change and formation of oxygen radicals. Consumption of the deteriorated oil causes oxidative stress related to lipid metabolism. This study evaluated the effects of palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) oil on hepatic histology, redox status, and cytochrome P450 (CYP) profiles. Adult female mice were orally given purified water (control), fresh, or reused palm oil (4.5 g/kg/day) daily for 16, 24, and 36 weeks. The livers were then collected for histological examination and for the evaluation of the redox system and CYP expression profiles. Treatment with fresh oil for 36 weeks resulted in some pyknosis and karyorrhexis in hepatic tissues, while reused oil resulted in more injuries to the nuclei with hepatic fat accumulation from week 24 onwards. Depletion in reduced glutathione (GSH) stores, with a significant decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, was observed with the reused oil but not with the fresh oil. The expression profiles of drug-metabolizing CYPs were significantly modulated; Cyp2c29, Cyp3a11, and Cyp3a13 were suppressed by both fresh and reused oil, while only the reused oil elevated Cyp2e1. The expression of Cyp4a10 and Cyp4a14, the key enzymes in lipid metabolism, were expectedly up-regulated by both. These findings suggest reused oil has a deleterious effect on hepatic ultrastructure, induces an imbalance of redox state, and causes Cyp2e1 activation-associated oxidative stress. It is therefore recommended that fresh rather than reused palm oil be used for cooking, and large-scale or long-term consumption be avoided to reduce the risk of liver damage and drug-interactions.
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Changes in growth and photosynthetic patterns of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) seedlings exposed to short-term CO2 enrichment in a closed top chamber

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Ibrahim M. H., Jaafar H. Z. E., Harun M. H., Yusop M. R.
Acta Physiologiae Plantarum
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2010
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tom 32
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nr 2
Three varieties of oil palm seedlings (Deli Yangambi, Deli Urt, Deli AVROS) were exposed to three levels of CO₂ (400, 800, 1,200 μmol/mol) in split plot design to determine growth (net assimilation rate, NAR; relative growth rate, RGR) and photosynthetic patterns of the seedlings under short-term CO₂ exposure of 15 weeks. Increasing CO₂ from 400 to 800 and 1,200 μmol/mol significantly enhanced total biomass and leaf area, net photosynthesis (A) and water use efficiency (WUE) especially from weeks 9 to 15. By the end of week 15, total biomass increased by 113%, and A and WUE by one- and fivefold, respectively, while specific leaf area decreased by 37%. Both enhanced biomass and A under elevated CO₂ were effective in modifying NAR and RGR as shown by high correlation coefficient values (r²= 0.68 and 0.72; r²= 0.63 and 0.67, respectively), although WUE seemed to have more influence over the NAR (r²= 0.97) and RGR (r²= 0.93). Neither interspecific preference nor its interaction with CO₂ imposed any significant effect on parameters observed. Growth improvement with CO₂ seemed able to produce healthy, bigger and vigorous oil palm seedlings, and the technique may have potential to be developed for use to reduce nursery period.
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High density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass

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Chin K. T., H'ng P. S., Maminski M.
Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology
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2012
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tom 77
High density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass. Large quantities of oil palm biomass available can significantly become the important source for renewable energy in Malaysia in the form of pellet or briquette. Nonetheless, lignocellulosic biomass should be treated to increase their energy efficiency prior to the combustion. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of torrefaction treatment on the weight loss and energy properties of oil palm biomass (oil palm trunk and empty fruit bunch). The lignocellulosic biomass was torrefied at three different temperatures (200 to 300 °C) within 15 to 45 min. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used for optimization of torrefaction conditions, to determine the maximum energy properties and minimum weight loss. Results showed that heating values of biomass was affected by treatment severity (cumulated effect of temperature and time). While the reaction temperature had a strong impact on the energy density of torrefied biomass, the effect of treatment time was considerably lesser under the torrefaction conditions used in this study. It was demonstrated that each biomass type had its own unique set of operating conditions to achieve the same product quality. The optimized torrefaction conditions were verified empirically and applicability of the model was confirmed. The results of this study could be used as a guide for the production of high density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass. Conclusively, high density solid biofuel from oil palm biomass can be produced using torrection method.
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