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Dicrocoeliosis is poorly known and often underestimated by studies and practitioners in many countries. The prophylaxis of Dicrocoelium has been difficult and unsatisfactory to date due to the complexity of its biological life cycle and epidemiology (Otranto and Traversa, 2002). This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of praziquantel at 50 mg/kg b.w. against D. dendriticum. Thirty-four sheep (11 male + 13 female), naturally infected with D. dendriticum, were allocated to two groups as follows: Treatment group 50.0 mg/kg b.w., n=14; Control group, n=10. Sheep were around 8-12-months-old. Sheep were randomized with equal groups based on mean weight and sex. Feces were collected two times before treatment and 2-7 days after treatment and just before slaughter. During the study feces were examined for parasite eggs microscopically. Equal numbers of animals (3 from each group) were slaughtered 9, 10, 11 and 12 days after treatment and livers with the bile sack and small intestine contents examined for the presence of parasites. It was concluded that praziquantel at the dose rates used in the study was 95.9% effective against D. dendriticum.
Bile antibody responses of naturally infected cattle to surface and ES protein antigens of adult D. dendriticum were analysed. Freshly isolated and carefully purified flukes were surface labelled with NHS- biotin or biotin hydrazide (BH) and extracted using Tris-buffered saline. Biotinylated surface proteins or glycoproteins were then isolated by streptavidin affinity chromatography. ES products were obtained during 24 h incubation of undamaged worms at 37 °C in Tyrode’s salts solution enriched with antibiotics. Bile samples were collected at slaughter from cattle harbouring 120-280 lancet flukes. The fluke antigens inducing bile antibody responses were analysed by SDS-PAGE, Western blot and ELISA techniques. Bile from non-infected cattle precipitated none of the surface proteins and one polypeptide out of ES products. One to 6 polypeptides were found in immunocomplexes formed by individual bile samples of infected cattle and surface proteins while immunocomplexes formed by bile and surface extracts of flukes labelled with BH contained 2-5 fluke glycoproteins. An average of 3 polypeptides were recognised in ES products. In ELISA tests 38-67% out of 150 samples reacted with ES antigens while 70% possessed antibodies against surface proteins and 92% against surface glycoproteins. It is suggested that the surface and ES antigens may be of particular importance in the host-parasite relationship.
Serum, bile and faecal protein extracts from slaughtered sheep harbouring lancet flukes, were used to investigate the range of Dicrocoelium dendriticum proteins provoking systemic and local antibody responses in naturally infected animals. ELISA and Western blot tests showed that the lancet fluke infection induced in sheep, serum and local antibody responses against Tris-buffered saline (TBS) soluble somatic proteins, surface proteins and glycoproteins as well as excretions and secretions (ES) of adult D. dendriticum. Sera of infected sheep contained antibodies against 10-14 somatic polypeptides (molecular mass range: 223-12.5 kDa), against 4 surface proteins and up to 9 surface glycoproteins. Antibodies against lancet fluke antigens were also found in 70% of bile samples and 41% of faecal samples. Approximately 40% out of serum samples analysed, contained antibodies against 10 somatic polypeptides and some 24% samples reacted with 12-14 antigens. Serum, bile and faecal samples from non-infected sheep did not recognise any of the lancet fluke proteins.
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