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This paper reports the results of an investigation of the effect of Zn2+, Mg2+, Cu2+, Ni2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mn2+ and Cr3+ ions present in the media on the kinetics of dissimilatory reduction of sulfates in Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria. It has been shown that the range of the optimum concentration of studied elements is different; sometimes very wide but sometimes very narrow. After a certain threshold concentration of a given element has been reached, its presence either causes total inhibition of the process or has a toxic effect.
The effect of concentration of N,N-Bis(3-aminepropyl)dodecylamine (APDA) used in disinfectants (Lonzabac) on the kinetics of denitrification and desulfurication processes proceeding with the use of Bacillus licheniformis and Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria, was studied. The kinetic equation for denitrification in a medium containing the microbiocide tested was derived, the parameters of the process were calculated and the toxicity limits of APDA were established. The latter are of importance when considering means for environment protection against APDA effect on the nitrogen and sulphur cycles.
A simultaneous effect of some amino acids and metals on the activity of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria in the process of microbiological sulphate reduction is studied. It has been established that the simultaneous presence of valine and one of the metals tested (cadmium, chromium or molybdenum) produces a synergetic effect of enhanced inhibitory effect relative to the effect at the presence of only one of these components. Moreover, serine, aspargine and isoleucine have insignificant effect on the desulfurication of sulphates, but the efficiency of this process significantly depends on the presence of metal ions in the medium.
The effect of zinc on the biotransformation of phosphogypsum, COD reduction and growth rate (μmax day-1) of an SRB community and Desulfotomaculum ruminis in media with sodium lactate or ethanol was examined. Depending on the form of zinc (Zn3(PO4)2 x 4H2O, ZnSO4 x7H2O, ZnCl2, Zn(NO3)2 x 6H2O) and its initial concentration (0-80 mg Zn2+/l) lower sulphate reduction and COD reduction was observed. The effect of Zn2+ also depended on the composition of the studied populations and carbon source in the medium. The lowest inhibition of specific growth rate was determined in cultures of the pure strain and in medium with zinc phosphate (with lactate or ethanol IC50=63 or 75 mg Zn2+/l, respectively) and the highest in cultures of sulphate-reducing bacterial communities in medium with zinc nitrate (with lactate or ethanol IC50= 35 or 20 mg Zn2+/l, respectively).
The effect of a concentration of heavy metal ions (Pb2+, Cd2+, Hg2 + and Zn2+) on the process of dissimilative reduction of sulfates in medium containing active Desulphotomaculum ruminis bacteria was studied. Both tolerable and toxic concentrations of the mentioned ions were determined. According to the degree of their toxicity the following ion sequence was established: Cd2 + > Zn2+ > Hg2+ > Pb2+, but only the presence of mercury ions caused death of the bacteria.
This paper reports results of studies on the effects of interaction between heavy metal ions (Hg2+, Cd2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+) on the degree of desulfurication taking place using Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria. It has been found that mutual interaction of heavy metal ions can bring either antagonistic or synergetic effects. For instance, the toxic effect of Hg2ł ions on the process of desulfurication is minimized after the introduction of Cd2+ ions (antagonism). In other cases interaction of the metal ions studied has led to synergetic inhibition. The concentration ranges of metal ions in which they show the inhibiting effect or act as antagonists have been determined.
The effect of soluble fluorine species in different concentrations on the catabolic activity of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria has been studied. The fluoride concentrations tolerated by and toxic to the bacteria have been determined. The degree of fluorine species toxicity was found to depend on the form in which fluorine is introduced into the medium and increases in the following order: NaF
The influence of the presence of certain amino acids at different concentrations on the catabolic activity of the bacteria Desulfotomaculum ruminis was studied. Introduction of amino acids of the simple chain molecule in concentrations up to 10 g/dm3 in the Starkey media leads to a small decrease of the sulphate conversion degree. A more significant decrease in the reaction rate is observed for amino acids with branched side chains such as valine. Moreover, it was shown that except for the D-asparagine isomer, which is not assimilable by the bacteria Desulfotomaculum ruminis, the other amino acids are a source of assimilable nitrogen. Serine meets the demands of the minimum substrates and is a source of assimilable carbon and nitrogen in the process of bacteria proliferation.
The effect of sodium dodecylsulphate (SDS), sodium alkilbenzenesulphonate (ABSNa) and sulphosuccinates IOP5 and N5, present in different concentrations, on the kinetics of desulfurication conducted with the use of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria was analysed. As follows from the determined activity of the microorganisms, the presence of SDS and ABSNa inhibits the process of desulfurication. The toxic concentrations of these compounds were established as 60 mg/dm3 for SDS and 450 mg/dm3 for ABSNa. The presence of sulphosuccinates IOP5 and N5, even at the concentration of 20g/dm3, does not affect the activity of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria but these compounds cannot be used as a source of carbon by the microorganisms.
The subject of study was the effect of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCICA) and sodium salt of dichloroisocyanuric acid (NaDCIC) - the compounds used as disinfectant, on the kinetic of denitrification and desulfurication run with the use of bacteria from the Bacillus and Desulfatomaculum genera. The inhibitory effect of the compounds tested on microbiological activity of the bacteria was evidenced and the limiting values of their admissible and toxic concentrations were determined which is of importance for protection of natural environment against the influence of wastes which are formed after disinfection.
This paper reports the effect of increasing concentrations of the salts Li+, K+, Al3ł, Hg2+, Cd2+, Cr3+ on the kinetics of desulfurication in Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria. The ranges of concentration of these salts which do not disturb the desulfurication, inhibit this process and prevent it from occurring have been established.
The influence of didecyldimethylammonium chloride (DDDM) on the processes of denitrification - occurring with a contribution of Bacillus licheniformis bacteria, and desulfurication - with a contribution of Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria, was studied. It has been shown in laboratory conditions that the compound tested is not assimilable by the cultures of the above mentioned heterotrophic bacteria and the values of toxic concentrations of DDDM for the studied microorganisms were determined.
The influence of fly ash from the "Karolin" heat and power producing plant in Poznan on the kinetics of processes taking place with involvement of the bacteria Desulfotomaculum ruminis and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans has been studied under laboratory conditions. The results indicate that the presence of fly ash has an inhibitory effect on the processes related to the microbiological conversion cycle of sulphur compounds and can be used as biocides in the processes of microbiological corrosion of materials.
The effect of glutaraldehyde (GA) in different concentrations on microbiological activities of Bacillus licheniformis, Desulfotomaculum ruminis and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria used in the processes of denitrification, desulfurication and iron (II) oxidation, respectively, has been tested. For the sake of comparison, the effect of formaldehyde (FA) on the activities of the same organisms in the same conditions has been studied. The tolerated and toxic concentrations of the aldehydes were determined.
This paper presents studies on the effects of manganese, barium, zinc, aluminium and copper ions on the rate of biological sulfates reduction by Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria. We determinated the concentrations of these ions which totally inhibited the process. The anions we studied can be arranged according to increasing poisonous properties: Mn2+
The effect of oxidising microbiocides (DCDMH and BCDMH) on the activity of bacteria in the processes of denitrification (Bacillus licheniformis) and desulfurication (Desulfotomaculum ruminis) is studied. Desulfotomaculum ruminis bacteria have been found more resistant than the Bacillus licheniformis bacteria to the inhibiting effect of active halogen released from the studied halogenodimethylhydantoines. The study has shown that the compounds tested can be used as a safe source of slowly released halogen for disinfection purposes.
It was found that at 0.6 and 1% vol, of molasses, the reduction of sulphates occurred at the level of 0.7 g [S-SO42-], while at its concentration 2 and 5% vol., the maximum amount of the reduced sulphates increased to 0.826 and 1.256 g [S-SO42-], respectively, which corresponds to 60 and 92% of sulphate conversion. A decrease in COD varied from 32 to 40%, and was the greatest for the medium with 5% vol. of molasses. The results indicate that molasses, likewise some municipal waste, can be used as an alternative source of carbon acting as electron donor in reduction of sulphates to sulphides.
These studies concern the effect of the concentration of MMPP (magnesium monoperoxyphtalate), a compound used (among others) in hygiene products (Lonzabac-MP) on the kinetics of microbiological processes involving the following species of bacteria: Bacillus licheniformis (denitrification), Desulfotomaculum ruminis (desulfurication) and Thiobacillus ferrooxidans (oxidation of iron II ions and reduced sulphur compounds). Results enabled determination of the microbiological activity of MMPP and the limits of its admissible and toxic (inhibiting transformation cycles of sulphur and nitrogen) concentrations.
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