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The aim of this study was to analyse the polymorphism of 19 microsatellite markers and their usefulness for parentage verification in 28 Borzoi dogs in Poland. The assay involved the following 19 loci: AHTk211, CXX279, REN169O18, INU055, REN54P11, INRA21, AHT137, REN169D01, AHTh260, AHTk253, INU005, INU030, FH2848, AHT121, FH2054, REN162C04, AHTh171, REN247M23 and amelogenin. These markers are included in the panel of loci recommended by the ISAG. Amplified PCR products were analysed by an automated sequencer ABI PRISM 3130xl Genetic Analyser. The number of alleles per locus varied from 3 (INU005) to 8 (REN162 and AHT171). Except the INU005 locus, which showed the lowest variation (PIC=0.396, H=0.438), the calculated PIC values exceeded 0.6 and H values ranged from 0.677 (INU055) to as much as 0.84 (REN162). Based on PEC it was found that incorrect pedigree in this breed can be excluded with 99.9998% accuracy using DNA analysis.
In some legal proceedings, the species identification of animal on the basis of fragments of biological material is extremely difficult. This applies both to closely-related and to distant species characterized by similar morphological features. In such circumstances, methods of molecular biology are used, whose evidential value is definitely not in doubt. Histopathological scraps may also have to be used for identifying tests. The aim of the present study was to verify the possibility of using DNA analysis in determining the species of animals on the basis of biological material contained in archival histopathological samples. The examined material consisted of twenty-eight histopathological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The samples had been prepared from the liver, kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscles. Their age varied from one to seventeen years. Specimens (from twelve species) were identified by inputting sequences in the Barcode of Life Database species identification tool on the basis of the similarity percentage figure from the BOLD report. It was found that genetic tests can effectively identify animal species through the analysis of biological material from histopathological samples.
Rapid molecular biological methods for prenatal diagnosis of the most common aneuploidies, collectively known as rapid aneuploidy testing, are compared in this review. We discuss methodological problems and limitations of these various methods. All these techniques are believed to be accurate and carry a low risk of misdiagnosis, but they differ in terms of labour-intensity and amenability to automation and high throughput testing. The question how to apply them safely and economically in a clinical setting has not been answered yet. The discussed techniques are so far not used as stand-alone tests, but some of them are routinely applied as a preliminary test that shortens the waiting time for classic cytogenetic karyotyping. In the future, mainly because of economical reasons, these methods may replace cytogenetics in the category of patients who make up the majority of those currently offered prenatal karyotyping: patients with moderately increased risk and no abnormalities detected by ultrasound.
Egg yolk and white proteins from hens kept in eight conservation flocks in Poland were separated with horizontal polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The analyses were done on 100-120-egg samples from each of the following breeds: Green-Legged Partridge, ZKF and ZK11, Yellow-Legged Partridge, Z33, Polbar, PB, Leghorn, H22 and G99, Rhode Island Red, RD2, and Sussex, S66. After estimating phenotype frequency based on 30-35 bands on the electrophoregrams, the following were identified: gene frequencies of fast-migrating prealbumins, Pa-F, and transferrins, TF, in egg yolk, as well as ovalbumins Ov-A, ovoglobulins, G3, G4, G2, and conalbumins, Co, in the white of egg. Similarity and Nei's genetic distances were calcula-ted according to gene frequency (GF) and procedures used in analysing DNA polymorphism, based on frequencies of particular protein bands (BF) and band sharing (BS). Application of GF and BF in the evaluation of genetic distances gave similar results.
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RFLP study in family with fragile X syndrome

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Genetic diversity of common thyme (Thymus pulegioides L.) and wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) by the RAPD method was evaluated. The investigated populations of both species significantly differed in respect of developmental traits as well the content and composition of essential oil. The content of essential oil in the herb Thymus pulegioides was higher. Phenolic substances (thymol and carvacrol) dominated in the essential oil of Thymus pulegioides, whereas terpens (β-myrcene, cineol, borneol and β-cariophyllene) in the essential oil of Thymus serpyllum.
The present study was carried out in the years 2006– 2008 in the Bezek Experimental Farm (University of Life Sciences, Lublin). A two-factor field experiment was set up according to a randomized block design, in three replications. The experimental field was situated on medium heavy mixed rendzina developed from chalk rock with medium dusty loam granulometric composition. The soil was characterised by neutral pH, a very high content of P (342.1) and K (278.9) along with a very low level of magnesium (16.0 mg􀂉 kg-1 of soil) and organic carbon (over 3.5%). The aim of this research was to compare the effect of three herbicide doses and two foliar fertilizers applied in a winter wheat canopy on weed infestation. The herbicides Mustang 306 SE 0.4 l􀂉 ha-1 and Attribut 70 WG 60 g􀂉 ha-1 were applied at full recommended doses as well as at doses reduced to 75% and 50%. Foliar fertilizers Insol 3 (1 1􀂉 ha-1) and FoliCare (20 kg􀂉 ha-1) were applied at full recommended doses twice in the growing season BBCH* development stage 23-25* and 33-35*). The control was not treated with the herbicides and foliar fertilizers. The weed infestation level was determined by means of the quantitative gravimetric method at two dates: the first one 6 weeks after herbicide application and the second one – before harvest. The number of weed individuals was counted; species composition and air-dry biomass of aboveground parts were estimated from randomly selected areas of 1 m􀂉 0.25 m at four sites on each plot. Galium aparine and Apera spica-venti plants were sampled for molecular analysis 6 weeks after herbicide application (the treatments with the full herbicide dose, a 50% dose and the control without herbicides). The density of weeds and weed air-dry weight were statistically analysed by means of variance analysis, and the mean values were estimated with Tukey’s confidence intervals (p=0.05). It was found that the number of weeds and air-dry weight of weeds in the control treatment were significantly higher in comparison with the herbicide treated plots. The application of different herbicide doses did not differentiate significantly the weed infestation level in the winter wheat canopy. Galium aparine, Papaver rhoeas, Viola arvensis and Apera spica-ventiwere dominant weed species in the winter wheat canopy. Foliar application of fertilizers did not influence the weed infestation level in the crop canopy. Molecular analysis showed that herbicide application did not affect genetic variation in the populations of Galium aparine and Apera spica-venti.
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