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Low rates of Plasmodium falciparum Pfcrt K76T mutation in three sentinel sites of malaria monitoring in Cote d’Ivoire

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Konate A., Gnagne P. A., Bedia-Tanoh V. A., Amiah-Droh M., Tano D. K., Menan H. I. E., Yavo W.
Acta Parasitologica
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2018
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tom 63
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nr 4
2
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Evaluation of nutritive and antioxidant properties of blanched leafy vegetables consumed in Northern Cote d'Ivoire

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Oulai P. D., Zoue L. T., Niamke S. L.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
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2015
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tom 65
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nr 1
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of steam blanching processing on the nutritive value and the antioxidant properties of fi ve leafy vegetable species (Amaranthus hybridus, Andasonia digitata, Ceiba patendra, Hibiscus sabdariffa and Vigna unguiculata) that are used for sauce preparation in Northern Côte d’Ivoire. The selected leafy vegetables were subjected to blanching in pressure cooker for 15, 25 and 45 min and the physicochemical properties were determined using AOAC methods. The result of the study revealed that longer time of blanching (higher than 15 min) caused negative impact by reducing nutritive value but positive impact by reducing anti-nutrients and increasing polyphenols. The registered losses (p<0.05) at 15 min were as follow: ash (0.08–10.01%), proteins (0.36–12.03%), vitamin C (19.56–68.67%), carotenoids (18.91–55.48%) oxalates (3.58–21.39%) and phytates (10.51–68.02%). The average increase of polyphenols contents at 15 min of blanching was 1.61 to 30.72%. In addition, a slight increase (0.35–4.16%) of fi bres content was observed in the studied blanched leafy vegetables. Furthermore, after 15 min of blanching time the residual contents (p<0.05) of minerals were: calcium (264.88–844.92 mg/100 g), magnesium (49.45–435.43 mg/100 g), potassium (675–1895.41 mg/100 g), iron (14.54–70.89 mg/100 g) and zinc (9.48–36.46 mg/100 g). All these results suggest that the recommended time of domestic blanching must be less than 15 min for the studied leafy vegetables in order to contribute effi ciently to the nutritional requirement and to the food security of Ivorian population.
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Polymorphisms of the Pfatpase 6 and Pfcrt gene and their relationship with the in vitro susceptibility to dihydroartemisinin and chloroquine of Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Abobo, Cote d’Ivoire

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Bla B. K., Yavo W., Trebissou J., Kipre R. G., Yapi F. H., N'guessan J. D., Djaman J. A.
Annals of Parasitology
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2014
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tom 60
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nr 4
As a result of widespread resistance to chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP), artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) has been recommended as a first-line anti-malarial regimen in Côte d’Ivoire since 2005. A thorough understanding of the molecular bases of P. falciparum resistance to existing drugs is therefore needed. The aims of this study were to analyze the in vitro sensitivity of P. falciparum field isolates from Abobo to CQ, pyronaridine (PYR) and dihydroartemisinine (DHA), and to investigate the polymorphisms associated with drug resistance. The standard in vitro drug sensitivity microtechnique recommended by the WHO was used to assess the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum isolates collected in December 2006. The Pfcrt haplotype 76 was analysed by PCR-RFLP while Pfatpase 6 amplification products were sequenced. Associations between drug sensitivity and parasite gene polymorphisms were evaluated with Cohen’s kappa test. The correlation between the IC50 values for different drugs was assessed by the coefficient of determination (r2). Significance was assumed at p<0.05. Of 128 in vitro tests performed, 112 (87.5%) were successful. Of the isolates, 56.2% were resistant for CQ and 48% for PYR. One isolate (3.6%) demonstrated reduced DHA sensitivity (IC50 higher than 10 nM). The mutant K76T pfcrt codon, present in 90% of DNA fragments analyzed, was associated with CQ-R (ĸ=0.76). The N669Y (16.1%), D734Y (28.6%) and D734H (1.8%) isolates were found to have mutant Pfatpase6, however, these mutations were not associated with diminished DHA sensitivity (k=0.01). These high levels of antimalarial drug resistance in Abobo (Côte d’Ivoire) demand further studies of drug efficacy across the whole country.
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