The objective of the present study was to evaluate the health status of cows from large farms. Examinations for evidence of mastitis included the cows from 5 farms located in the Podkarpacie, Małopolska, Silesia, Opolszczyzna and Lubelszczyzna regions in 2007-2008, where a total of 1062 cows were screened. The clinical evaluation of the mammary gland and the CMT test were performed. For microbiological analysis, 1030 aseptic milk samples were collected in compliance with common requirements from quarters of cows tested positive by CMT. The milk samples were cooled and transported to the laboratory where they were plated on blood agar media, as well as McConkey agar, Sabouroud agar and Edwards-Chodkowski agar. The colonies that grew were identified microscopically after Gram stain and confirmatory testing, i.e. catalase, coagulase, blood cell precipitation (test Slidex, Staph kit bioMerieux Poland Ltd) and the biochemical tests API. The final identification was made using the APIWEB computer program (API tests and computer program bioMerieux Poland). The health status of the udder proved differentiated in the commercial farms. In the best farm (J), approximately 82% healthy quarters were recognized, whereas in farm T - only about 47%. On average, over half of the examined cows (55%) were shown to develop mammary lesions, most frequently subclinical mastitis (a mean ¼ of screened quarters). The etiological agents included S. aureus 2.45%, Str. agalactiae 0.98%,environmental streptococci 22.56%, coagulaso-negative staphylococci (CNS)19.95%, coryneform bacteria 3.61%, coliform bacteria 0.71%, fungi 0.92%, algae 0.08%. Management and milking practices as well as microbiological analysis for mastitis contribute vastly to the bovine mammary gland health status.
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